Ajwain is the second most important seed spice crop in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is grown as rainfed crop in vertisols. The crop is sown usually during July to September as a rainfed crop. There is a need for identifying suitable high yielding genotypes adaptable to rainfed vertisols. In view of this, fourteen genotypes were evaluated for their performance in rainfed vertisols for four years. The uniqueness of the rainfed environment which varies with year to year was taken as advantage and Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis was used to understand the complex genotype x environment (GE) interactions. Further AMMI Stability Values and Genotype Selection Index (GSI) were worked out for the genotypes. Stability when assessed should be reliable. Genotype Selection Index (GSI) due to its nature of combining the estimated the stability measure and yield data, gave more useful information for selection and recommendation. The most desirable genotypes for selection of both stability and high grain yield were genotype 3 (LTa-26) followed by genotype 2 (LTa-25).
The present study was undertaken for three years to evaluate thirteen promising genotypes from India for both yield and diosgenin content. Maximum yield was recorded in genotype LFC-103 (584.1 kg ha -1 ) followed by HM-348 (542.8 kg ha -1 ). The diosgenin content in the studied genotypes varied significantly, similar observations were recorded with the diosgenin productivity. Local cultivar recorded significantly highest diosgenin content (0.92 %). The highest diosgenin productivity was recorded with UM-364 (3.97 kg ha -1 ) followed by NDM-119 (3.91 kg ha -1 ). The superiority of these genotypes can be attributed to their wide adaptability and robust growth under rainfed conditions.
Experiments were conducted for two consecutive years during 2017-19 to study the effect of organic manures, PGPR and micronutrients on yield and quality of ajwain seed. Farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost (VC) were used as organic sources at 50% and 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) as basal dose. PGPRs namely Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus megaterium and Frateuria aurantia were used for seed priming. Micronutrients namely ZnSO4 and Fe2SO4 were applied thrice as foliar application @ 0.5% first before flowering, second at 50% flowering and third during grain formation. The results revealed that highest number of umbels plant-1, umbellets umbel-1, number of fruits umbellet-1, seed yield plant-1, seed yield hectare-1, straw yield, biological yield, test weight of seeds and essential oil yield were recorded with the application of 50% RDN through VC, which was on par with 50% RDN through FYM, seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc with respect to their individual effect. Maximum essential oil content, fixed oil content and thymol content were also observed in case of application of 50% RDN through VC, seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc individually. Highest Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of 3.33 was recorded with combined application of 50% of RDN through FYM along with seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar spray of Zn at 0.5%. The integrated use of organic manures, PGPRs and micronutrients could also exert significant influence on yield and quality of Ajwain. It was observed that highest seed yield, yield attributing characters and essential oil yield and quality parameters were recorded with combined application of 50% of RDN through vermicompost along with seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc which was statistically on par with application of 50% of RDN through FYM along with seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc.
Coriander is grown widely as a rainfed crop in India. Rainfed farming situation poses the serious problem of moisture stress during the crop growth period, which changes the crop phenology and severely affects grain yield. Understanding the behaviour of coriander under receding soil moisture regime helps to build strategies to improve the crop or manage the crop. Keeping this in view, a study was conducted to know the behavior of ten genotypes under two naturally receding soil moisture regimes (low lying and upland) in rainfed vertisols. Moisture stress (Stress index=0.36, moderate stress) affected the number of umbels, green leaves, biomass and yield, indicating the receding sink under mid-season moistures stress. Among the genotypes evaluated, LCC-150, LCC-143 and LCC-200 were tolerant and may be used in crop improvement programmes for developing drought tolerant varieties that are suitable for rainfed farming. Among several drought indices evaluated, KiSTI values can be utilized for successful discrimination of drought tolerant lines as these are clearly associated with performance of the genotypes in non-stressed and stressed conditions. Physiological drought tolerant parameters were useful as genotypes ability to with stand drought could be attributed specific traits. The genotype LCC-143 was positively associated with high specific leaf weight, LCC-150 with low excised leaf water loss and rate of excised leaf water loss and LCC-200 with high Chlorophyll stability index and water potential of leaves. In view of the large swathes of rainfed areas in India, it is very important to focus on moisture stress related studies as two pronged approach to fight against drought and certain extreme events of climate change.
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