Cilengitide is well tolerated to doses of 2,400 mg/m2, durable complete and partial responses were seen in this phase I study, and clinical response appears related to rCBF changes.

Background Some recent studies in older, largely white populations suggest that vitamin D, measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], is important for cognition, but such results may be affected by reverse-causation. Measuring 25(OH)D in late-middle age before poor cognition affects behavior may provide clearer results. Methods Prospective cohort analysis of 1,652 participants (52% white; 48% black) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Brain MRI Study. 25(OH)D was measured from serum collected in 1993–1995. Cognition was measured by the Delayed Word Recall Test (DWRT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Word Fluency Test (WFT). Dementia hospitalization was defined by ICD-9 codes. Adjusted linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results Mean age of participants was 62 years and 60% were female. Mean 25(OH)D was higher in whites than blacks (25.5 ng/ml versus 17.3 ng/ml, p<0.001). Lower 25(OH)D was not associated with lower baseline scores or with greater DWRT, DSST, or WFT decline (p>0.05). Over a median of 16.6 years, there were 145 incident hospitalized dementia cases. Though not statistically significant, lower levels of 25(OH)D were suggestive of an association with increased dementia risk (HR lowest versus highest race-specific tertile: whites 1.32 [95% CI: 0.69, 2.55]; blacks 1.53 [95% CI: 0.84, 2.79]). Conclusions In contrast to prior studies performed in older white populations, our study did not find significant associations between lower levels of 25(OH)D measured in late-middle age black or white participants with lower cognitive test scores at baseline, change in scores over time, or dementia risk.