High-resolution ultrasonography is a useful technique for diagnosing scrotal filariasis in symptomatic patients and is very useful in the follow-up period for assessing the response of worms to treatment.
USG performed with a high-end machine, using a good cine-loop facility is extremely helpful in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac anomalies. In fetal echocardiography, the four-chamber view and the outflow-tract view are used to diagnose cardiac anomalies. The most important objective during a targeted anomaly scan is to identify those cases that need a dedicated fetal echocardiogram. Associated truncal and chromosomal anomalies need to be identified. This review shows how fetal echocardiography, apart from identifying structural defects in the fetal heart, can be used to look at rhythm abnormalities and other functional aspects of the fetal heart.
Objective. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of sonographic manifestations of various gastrointestinal diseases. Methods. Patients were scanned with an HDI 3000 or HDI 5000 system (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA) with both a 2-to 5-MHz curvilinear transducer and a 5-to 12-MHz linear transducer. The patients were asked to fast from the previous night. For accurate visualization of the stomach, a cup of water was given to patients thought to have stomach or upper gastrointestinal disease. Results. A satisfactory sonographic examination could be performed in all patients. Conclusions. With recent technical advances, the increasing use of sonography in initial evaluation of patients with abdominal pain may allow earlier detection of bowel disease.
Cloacal malformation is a rare abnormality, characterized by direct communication between the gastrointestinal, urinary, and genital structures, resulting in a single perineal opening. Prenatal diagnosis is difficult because of nonvisualization of the communication. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of this condition, in which the recognition of calcified meconium in the colon and urinary tract provided an important clue.
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