Porous materials are widely used in the passive noise control field as sound absorbers. Conventional models of porous materials are assumed to have a rigid frame and to satisfy finite bulk elasticity. However, it may be the case that when high-frequency sound is applied to porous materials for nanotechnology applications, the classical theory of elasticity cannot be satisfied. Generalized continuum theories, such as coupled stress theory and micropolar theory, have additional degrees of freedom compared with classical elasticity. It is hence assumed that such theories are applicable to composites with granular structure. In this study, two of the six material constants are obtained from experimental results on micropolar porous solids by Lakes. At the same time, a theoretical analysis concerning reflected and transmitted fields of an incident longitudinal plane wave propagating in elastic-micropolar porous media has been investigated. The results show that two fields are affected by micropolar porous characteristics. The boundary value problem of micro elasticity is also investigated in this paper.
Due to the improvement of the signal processing and image technology, the clinical ultrasound system becomes an important tool to assist doctors in detecting diseases. Hence, it is necessary to know the biological effects of ultrasound in human tissue. In ultrasonic waves, the discrepancy between classic elasticity and experimental elasticity becomes a particularly important problem, especially when there are higher frequencies and smaller wavelengths, i.e., in the case of wave propagation in human muscle and compact bone. Consequently, the influence of the microstructure is important and this fact leads to the generation of new types of waves unknown in classic elasticity. General continuum theories, such as couple stress theory and micropolar theory, have degrees of freedom in addition to those of classic elasticity. Such theories are thought to be applicable to composites with granular or porous structure, effective chiral composite, and human compact bone. In this work, a theoretical analysis concerning the reflected and transmitted fields of an incident plane wave P propagating at the human muscle-compact bone interface has been investigated. The results show that the wave fields are affected by microstructures of the human bone. Knowledge of this occurrence may offer some contribution to the understanding of the ultrasound propagation in the biological effects of human tissue
Anisotropic cloak shells can be used for the spatial transformation of a space to alter the propagation of acoustic waves by redirecting them along a pre-determined path. This paper outlines the design, fabrication, and experimental analysis of a circular acoustic cloak shell made of meta-composite material for in-air applications. Based on the three-dimensional coordinate transformation, we first designed an anisotropic circle meta-composite cloak shell according to its impedance values. The cloak shell comprises various layered structures with cavities and tubes, respectively, providing acoustic mass and compliance for the provision of anisotropic material properties. Secondly, we conducted numerical and experimental analyses under practice working conditions to demonstrate the efficacy of the acoustic cloak. The structure of the cloak shell, fabricated by three-dimensional printing (3D printing), is experimentally evaluated in a semi-anechoic room with a free-field environment. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the acoustic cloaking effects in the scattering far field. Besides the scattering field, the sound field measurement results obtained with the region enclosed by the shell also shows the abilities of the cloak shell in altering the direction of wave propagation along a pre-determined path in air.
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