Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious kidney illness characterized by proteinuria, glomerular enlargement, reduced glomerular filtration, and renal fibrosis. DN is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease, accounting for nearly one-third of all cases of diabetes worldwide. Hyperglycemia is a major factor in the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Many contemporary medicines are derived from plants since they have therapeutic properties and are relatively free of adverse effects. Glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids are among the few chemical compounds found in plants that are utilized to treat diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this review was to consolidate information on the clinical and pharmacological evidence supporting the use of a variety of medicinal plants to treat diabetic nephropathy.
The drugs used to treat cancer not only kill fast-growing cancer cells, but also kill or slow the growth of healthy cells, causing systemic toxicities that lead to altered functioning of normal cells. Most chemotherapeutic agents have serious toxicities associated with their use, necessitating extreme caution and attention. There is a growing interest in herbal remedies because of their pharmacological activities, minimal side effects, and low cost. Thymoquinone, a major component of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa Linn, also known as black cumin or black seeds, is commonly used in Middle Eastern countries as a condiment. It is also utilized for medicinal purposes and possesses antidiabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. This review attempts to compile the published literature demonstrating thymoquinone’s protective effect against chemotherapeutic drug-induced toxicities.
Background and Objective: Traditionally different parts of Alstonia scholaris are well known for their widespread medicinal properties. In this study anti-diabetic potential of ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris bark extract (ASEE) was performed against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were categorized into five groups (n = 6) with a treatment period of 30 days. The 1st group was given saline and 2nd group was treated with streptozotocin (50 mg kgG 1 ) and were considered normal control and diabetic control, respectively. The third group was treated with glibenclamide 5 mg kgG 1 (standard drug), 4th and 5th groups were treated with 200 and 400 mg kgG 1 doses of ASEE and termed as high and low doses, respectively. Before administration of treatment, all the groups except normal control were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (50 mg kgG 1 ) to induce diabetes. Blood sugar level was evaluated on weekly basis and 24 hrs after the last treatment different biochemical parameters and histopathological examinations were carried out to determine the anti-diabetic potential of ASEE. Results: Upon treatment with ASEE, a dose-dependent significant improvement in blood glucose level and serum lipid profile was observed when compared to control groups. Histopathological findings revealed improvement in the regeneration of $-cell of the pancreas in extract-treated rats. Conclusion:Ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris bark possesses anti-diabetic potential in an animal experimental model in a dose-dependent manner.
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