Significant changes in the frequency of candidaemia and the distribution of causative species have been noted worldwide in the last two decades. In this study, we present the results of the first multicentre survey of fungaemia in Polish hospitals. A total of 302 candidaemia episodes in 294 patients were identified in 20 hospitals during a 2-year period. The highest number of infections was found in intensive care (30.8%) and surgical (29.5%) units, followed by haematological (15.9%), 'others' (19.2%) and neonatological (4.6%) units. Candida albicans was isolated from 50.96% of episodes; its prevalence was higher in intensive care unit and neonatology (61.22% and 73.33%, respectively), and significantly lower in haematology (22%; P < 0.001). The frequency of C. krusei and C. tropicalis was significantly higher (24% and 18%) in haematology (P < 0.02); whereas, the distribution of C. glabrata (14.1%) and C. parapsilosis (13.1%) did not possess statistically significant differences between compared departments. Obtained data indicates that species distribution of Candida blood isolates in Polish hospitals reflects worldwide trends, particularly a decrease in the prevalence of infections due to C. albicans.
Streszczenie: Drożdże S. cerevisiae var. boulardii, historycznie stanowiące odrębny gatunek, uznawane są obecnie za podgatunek drożdży S. cerevisiae. Szczepy Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii są powszechnie wykorzystywane w profilaktyce i leczeniu zaburzeń układu pokarmowego. Stosowanie preparatów na bazie S. cerevisiae var. boulardii wpływa na funkcjonowanie bariery jelitowej, co prowadzi do zmiany składu mikrobioty przewodu pokarmowego i łagodzi nieprawidłowości warstwy nabłonkowej jelita. Mimo klinicznie potwierdzonych, probiotycznych właściwości tych jednokomórkowych drobnoustrojów, wzrasta liczba doniesień na temat wywoływanych przez nie zakażeń u ludzi. Badania populacyjne sugerują, że drożdże S. cerevisiae są odpowiedzialne za 0,1-3,6% wszystkich przypadków grzybic, stwierdzanych u pacjentów stosujących terapię środkami probiotycznymi zawierającymi S. cerevisiae var. boulardii. Za czynniki predysponujące do rozwoju zakażeń uznaje się obecność centralnego cewnika żylnego, żywienie pozajelitowe, immunosupresję oraz choroby współistniejące. W niniejszej pracy zebrano najważniejsze informacje dotyczące biologii S. cerevisiae var. boulardii, a także przedstawiono najnowsze dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące fungemii wywoływanych przez te grzyby.
One of the problems of modern medicine is diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains
of bacteria. Fast and correct identification of these pathogens is of utmost importance, as it enables early implementation of effective
therapy. Therefore, rapid, modern and affordable methods are of outstanding value as they make it possible to conduct a reliable analysis
in a very short period of time. One of such techniques is matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(MALDI-TOF MS), which in recent years is increasingly used in clinical microbiological laboratories. This method enables cheap, fast and
reliable identification of microorganisms based on their protein profiles. At present the possibilities of use of MALDI-TOF MS method
become more broad, e.g. for identification of microorganisms directly in positive blood culture samples, typing of bacterial strains in
epidemiological investigation of an outbreak as well as detection of multidrug-resistant strains, including producers of carbapenemases.
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