Teleseismic body-wave imaging techniques such as receiver function analysis can be notoriously difficult to employ on ocean-bottom seismic data due largely to multiple reverberations within the water and low-velocity sediments. In lieu of suppressing this coherently scattered noise in ocean-bottom receiver functions, these site effects can be modeled in conjunction with shear velocity information from seafloor compliance and surface wave dispersion measurements to discern crustal structure. A novel technique to estimate 1-D crustal shear-velocity profiles from these data using Monte Carlo sampling is presented here. We find that seafloor compliance inversions and P-S conversions observed in the receiver functions provide complimentary constraints on sediment velocity and thickness. Incoherent noise in receiver functions from the MOANA ocean bottom seismic experiment limit the accuracy of the practical analysis at crustal scales, but synthetic recovery tests and comparison with independent unconstrained nonlinear optimization results affirm the utility of this technique in principle.

We present a crust and mantle 3‐D shear velocity model extending well offshore of New Zealand's South Island, imaging the lithosphere beneath the South Island as well as the Campbell and Challenger Plateaus. Our model is constructed via linearized inversion of both teleseismic (18–70 s period) and ambient noise‐based (8–25 s period) Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. We augment an array of 4 land‐based and 29 ocean bottom instruments deployed off the South Island's east and west coasts in 2009–2010 by the Marine Observations of Anisotropy Near Aotearoa experiment with 28 land‐based seismometers from New Zealand's permanent GeoNet array. Major features of our shear wave velocity (Vs) model include a low‐velocity (Vs < 4.4 km/s) body extending from near surface to greater than 75 km depth beneath the Banks and Otago Peninsulas and high‐velocity (Vs~4.7 km/s) mantle anomalies underlying the Southern Alps and off the northwest coast of the South Island. Using the 4.5 km/s contour as a proxy for the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, our model suggests that the lithospheric thickness of Challenger Plateau and central South Island is substantially greater than that of the inner Campbell Plateau. The high‐velocity anomaly we resolve at subcrustal depths (>50 km) beneath the central South Island exhibits strong spatial correlation with upper mantle earthquake hypocenters beneath the Alpine Fault. The ~400 km long low‐velocity zone we image beneath eastern South Island and the inner Bounty Trough underlies Cenozoic volcanics and the locations of mantle‐derived helium measurements, consistent with asthenospheric upwelling in the region.

We demonstrate successful crustal imaging via teleseismic P-wave coda autocorrelation, using data recorded on a 261 station array of vertical-component high-frequency geophones in the area of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A. We autocorrelate the P-wave coda of 30 teleseismic events and use phase-weighted stacking to yield seismic profiles comparable to low-passed versions of those produced via controlled-source vertical seismic reflection. Our process recovers reflections from the bottoms of the Bighorn and Powder River basins that flank the Bighorn Mountains. We also identify a mid-crustal reflector that aligns with a region of increased reflectivity, previously interpreted as a Precambrian province boundary. Our results demonstrate the utility of crustal imaging with teleseismic P-wave coda energy using modern large-array seismic data, and they corroborate previous interpretations of crustal structures in the study area.