This chapter investigates the widespread claim that South-South development cooperation (SSDC) differs from North-South cooperation, as it is said to be based on horizontality, to be demand-driven, to create mutual benefits, and to provide “Southern” solutions to development challenges through knowledge exchange. Based on an analysis of Brazil’s cooperation with Mozambique, the chapter shows that cooperation practices do not always follow the narrative around SSDC as a modality contesting established cooperation. The chapter further assesses what this means for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and for the growing relevance ascribed to SSDC providers in international development cooperation.
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