Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a widely grown plant that had been studied for several activities such as antioxidant and chemopreventive. The aims of this study were to analyze the secondary metabolite compounds contained in avocado seeds and to determine cytotoxic effect from aqueous and ethanolic extracts of avocado seeds against T47D breast cancer cell lines. IC50 value obtained by using MTT assay on aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, and doxorubicin hydrochloride were 560,2 µg/mL, 107,15 µg/mL and 0,26 µg/mL, respectively. Phytochemical screening test had detected the alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, and saponins as chemical groups in avocado seeds extracts.
Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. Thomson is a wild plant & in the Woods, fields or planted page near the fence, and the usual planted as medicinal plants. The entire plant (roots, stems, and leaves) has a bitter taste that can be used as a traditional medicine as Plasmodium. This research aims to make the tablet dosage of Caulis extract with gelatin Binder and polivenilpirolidon materials that meet the requirements of the physical quality of a tablet that is acceptable. Prior to the manufacture of tablets do extract raw materials testing which includes the determination of the levels of ash, determination of microbial impurities, testing the determination of aflatoxin levels of impurities, the determination of the levels of pesticide residues, the determination of the level of heavy metal impurities. Caulis extract tablet manufacture is made with two formula with each different binding materials, namely formula I used gelatin formula II 5% and 5% use polivinilpirolidon. The methods used in the manufacture of Caulis extract tablets using a wet granulation method. Granul tested his physical properties obtained covering moist, flow properties, compressibility granule. Tablets obtained physical quality test performed which include uniformity of weight, hardness, size uniformity, compressibility, and the crushed tablets. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using SPSS 15.0 for windows program namely testing T-Test with a 5% confidence. The results showed that the two formula tablets with the uniformity of weight, hardness, size uniformity, compressibility, and the time crushed tablet that meets the requirements of the physical quality of a good tablet. The conclusions of this research are extracted Caulis tablet can be created that meets the requirements of physical quality test tablet. Keywords: Stem and leaf brotowali, tablet, Wet Granulation. PENGEMBANGAN EKSTRAK BROTOWALI (TINOSPORA CRISPA (L.) HOOK.F. & THOMSON SEBAGAI ANTI PLASMODIUM DALAM SEDIAAN TABLET ABSTRAK Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f.& Thomson merupakan tumbuhan liar di hutan, ladang atau ditanam dihalaman dekat pagar, dan biasa ditanam sebagai tumbuhan obat. Seluruh tanaman ini (batang, akar, dan daun) mempunyai rasa pahit yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional sebagai anti plasmodium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan tablet dari ekstrak brotowali dengan bahan pengikat gelatin dan polivenilpirolidon yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik tablet yang dapat diterima. Sebelum dilakukan pembuatan tablet dilakukan pengujian bahan baku ekstrak yang meliputi penetapan kadar abu, uji cemaran mikroba, cemaran aflatoksin, residu pestisida, cemaran logam berat. Pembuatan tablet ekstrak brotowali ini dibuat dengan dua formula dengan masing-masing bahan pengikat yang berbeda yaitu formula I menggunakan gelatin 5% dan formula II menggunakan polivinilpirolidon 5%. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan tablet ektrak brotowali menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Granul yang diperoleh diuji sifat fisiknya yang meliputi kadar...
Moringa leaves or referred to Moringa oleifera Lam. are belong to the Moringaceae tribe. This plant is reported to have antibacterial activity and high nutritional value. To be used as an active ingredient in food preparations, it needs to be made in the form of extracts. The study aims to determine the characteristics of Moringa leaf water extract. In this study, Moringa leaves were extracted with a water solvent. Chemical characterization of Moringa leaf extract includes qualitative phytochemical tests and nutritional values (water content, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate). Whereas in microbiology, they include microbial contamination (Total Plate Count and Total Yeast and Mold Count). The results of characterization testing of the extracts showed that the water extract of Moringa leaves contain active compounds: flavonoids, phenols, triterpenoids/steroids, saponins, and tannins. Microbial contamination contained in the water extract of Moringa leaves are Total Plate Count value of 0 colonies/g and Mold/Yeast count value of 0 colonies/g and contain nutritional values such as water (75.85%), ash (3.87%), protein (6.27%), fat (<2.20 %) and carbohydrate (14.01%).
Betel leaf extract and basil leaf extract contain phenol compounds, safonin, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils that act as antibacterials. Skin is very susceptible to infection or other skin diseases one of which is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research needs to be done to test the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of green betel leaf, basil leaf and combination of both extracts to S. aureus. The process of extraction of betel leaf and basil leaves was done with 96% ethanol solvent using maceration method. The combinations used in the sample solution were the concentration of ethanol extract of green betel leaf (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%) and basil leaf extract (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60 %, 75%). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was tested for S. aureus with well diffusion method. The data obtained were tested statistically using Anova and Duncan's advanced test. The result of statistical analysis showed difference of drag zone (p <0,05) between various concentration of ethanol extract of green betel leaf, basil leaf and combination of both extracts to S. aureus. The smallest resin zone of ethanol extract of betel leaf and ethanol extract of basil leaves is at 0% concentration (S0 and K0) and highest at 75% concentration (S5 and K5). While the smallest zone of inhibition for the combination of ethanol extract of betel leaf and ethanol extract of basil leaves at concentration S0K0, S0K1 and S0K2 is 0 mm and highest at S5K5 concentration is 31,3 mm. The higher concentration of betel leaf extract, basil leaf extract and the combination of the two extracts, the inhibition of diameter zone will be better. It can be concluded that the combination of betel leaf extract and basil leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus better than single extract.
Traditional medicine such as saffron-colored rice is still in great demand in Indonesia. If the production process is not carried out in accordance with the method of making and processing herbal medicine, it can cause microbial contamination. The preparation of herbal medicine must meet the requirements for the Total Plate Number (ALT). The aimof this study was to determine the amount of microbial contamination in the liquid herbal rice kencur which is produced by the traveling herbal medicine seller. The study used an experimental method using samples of saffron-colored rice (A, B, and C). Microbial testing went through the stages of homogenization, dilution, mixing with the mediumsnd incubation. Homogenization was initiated by adding 25 ml sample with 225 ml 0.1% Buffered Peptoned Water with a stomacher for 2 minutes. Suspension dilution was carried out in order to obtain colonies that grew separately so that they were easy to count. Mixing with the medium is done by pour plate inoculation method. The solid medium used for ALT is Nutrient agar. Based on the results of the study, the ALT results were obtained, sample A 2.2 x 104 colonies/ml, sample B 2.6 x 104 colonies/ml, and sample C 8.0 x 107 colonies/ml. The results are not in accordance with the requirements stated in the Regulation of the Head of the Drug and Food Control Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2014 about Quality Requirements for Traditional Medicines.AbstrakObat tradisional seperti jamu beras kencur masih banyakdiminati di Indonesia. Apabila proses produksinya dilakukantidak sesuai dengan cara pembuatan dan pengolahan jamu dapat menyebabkan terkontaminasi mikroba. Penyediaanjamu harus memenuhi syarat Angka Lempeng Total (ALT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah cemaranmikroba dalam jamu beras kencur sedian cair yang di produksi oleh penjual jamu gendong keliling. Penelitianmenggunakan metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan sampel jamu gendong beras kencur (A, B, dan C). Pengujianmikroba melalui tahap homogenisasi, dilutasi, pencampurandengan medium, inkubasi dan interpretasi hasil.Homogenisasi sampel diawali dengan sebanyak 25 ml sampelditambahkan 225 ml Buffered Peptoned Water 0.1% dan dikocok dengan stomacher selama 2 menit. Dilutasi suspensidilakukan agar memeroleh koloni yang tumbuh secaraterpisah sehingga mudah dihitung. Pencampuran dengan medium dilakukan dengan metode inokulasi pour plate. Medium padat yang digunakan untuk ALT adalah Nutrient agar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat hasil ALT yaitu, sampel A 2,2 x 104 koloni/ml, sampel B 2,6 x 104 koloni/ml, dan sampel C 8,0 x 107 koloni/ml. Hasilnya tidak sesuaidengan persyaratan yang tertera pada Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor12 Tahun 2014 tentang Persyaratan Mutu Obat Tradisional.
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