The oxygen permeation flux of dual-phase membranes, Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ-La0.7Sr0.3MnO3±δ (GDC/LSM), has been systematically studied as a function of their LSM content, thickness, and coating material. The electronic percolation threshold of this GDC/LSM membrane occurs at about 20 vol % LSM. The coated LSM20 (80 vol % GDC, 20 vol % LSM) dual-phase membrane exhibits a maximum oxygen flux of 2.2 mL·cm(-2)·min(-1) at 850 °C, indicating that to enhance the oxygen permeation flux, the LSM content should be adjusted to the minimum value at which electronic percolation is maintained. The oxygen ion conductivity of the dual-phase membrane is reliably calculated from oxygen flux data by considering the effects of surface oxygen exchange. Thermal cycling tests confirm the mechanical stability of the membrane. Furthermore, a dual-phase membrane prepared here with a cobalt-free coating remains chemically stable in a CO2 atmosphere at a lower temperature (800 °C) than has previously been achieved.
Non‐toxic InP‐based nanocrystals have been developed for promising candidates for commercial optoelectronic applications and they still require further improvement on photophysical properties, compared to Cd‐based quantum dots (QDs), for better device efficiency and long‐term stability. It is, therefore, essential to understand the precise mechanism of carrier trapping even in the state‐of‐the‐art InP‐based QD with near‐unity luminescence. Here, it is shown that using time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements of systematically size‐controlled InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with the quantum yield close to one, carrier trapping decreases with increasing the energy difference between band‐edge and trap states, indicating that the process follows the energy gap law, well known in molecular photochemistry for nonradiative internal conversion between two electronic states. Similar to the molecular view of the energy gap law, it is found that the energy gap between the band‐edge and trap states is closely associated with ZnSe phonons that assist carrier trapping into defects in highly luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs. These findings represent a striking departure from the generally accepted view of carrier trapping mechanism in QDs in the Marcus normal region, providing a step forward understanding how excitons in nanocrystals interact with traps, and offering valuable guidance for making highly efficient and stable InP‐based QDs.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute diarrhea and dehydration in sucking piglets and has a high mortality rate. An immunochromatography (IC) assay, known as a lateral flow test, is a simple device intended to detect the presence of target pathogens. Here, we developed an IC assay that detected PEDV antigens with 96.0% (218/227) sensitivity and 98.5% (262/266) specificity when compared with real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR using FAM-labeled probes based on sequences from nucleocapsid genes. The detection limits of the real-time RT-PCR and IC assays were 1×10(2) and 1×10(3) copies, respectively. The IC assay developed herein did not detect non-specific reactions with other viral or bacterial pathogens, and the assay could be stored at 4°C or room temperature for 15 months without affecting its efficacy. Thus, the IC assay may result in improved PED detection and control on farms, and is a viable alternative to current diagnostic tools for PEDV.
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