Numerous novel materials for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices have been prepared through simple and green methods to meet the urgent requirement for sustainable development. In this regard, lotus pollen, which is a cheap and common biomass waste, can be used as a potential carbon 10 source for developing efficient electrode materials with a unique structure for high-performance supercapacitors. Following this aim, we successfully prepared hierarchical and interpenetrating threedimensional (3D) hollow MnO 2 /C composite via a facile and rapid dipping method, employing renewable, cost-effective and widespread natural porous lotus pollen as both the skeleton and carbon source. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between manganese dioxide and porous carbon matrix, the 15 composite has a high specific capacitance of 257 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g and high energy density of 51.5 Wh/kg. In addition, the prepared composite exhibits good cycle stability even after 2000 charge/discharge cycles. The approach developed in this work directs the way to take full advantage of sustainable resources provided by nature, and opens up a novel route to design and prepare highperformance materials with greater potential application in high-performance energy storage systems. 20
In this study, 2D layer‐structured Ti3C2 is synthesized by using an etching method at lower temperature, which is then applied in dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cells as counter electrode with higher activity compared with conventional TiC particles counter electrode. The dye‐sensitized solar cells fabricated by using a 2D layer‐structured Ti3C2 counter electrode achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.57 %, much higher than that of the counterpart device fabricated using a TiC particle counter electrode (7.37 %). The excellent activity of the Ti3C2 electrode can be attributed to the superior charge transfer and mass transport properties, owing to the specific 2D layer structure. Moreover, the fabricated 2D layer‐structured Ti3C2 is applied in perovskite solar cells, thereby achieving a power conversion efficiency of 7.78 % without further optimization. Thus, it is a potential candidate for noble metal electrodes.
Due to the growth of the demand for rechargeable batteries in intelligent terminals, electric vehicles, energy storage, and other markets, electrode materials, as the essential of batteries, have attracted tremendous attention. The research of emerging organic electrode materials in batteries has been boosted recently to their advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, biodegradability, and designability. This manuscript highlights and classifies several recent studies on organic electrode materials and lists their potential applications in various battery systems. Finally, the challenge and perspective of organic electrode materials are also summarized.
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