PD-1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis and is correlated with PD-L1 and Foxp3 expression in patients with gastric cancer.

Goshajinkigan did not prevent oxaliplatin-associated peripheral neuropathy in this clinical trial. The clinical study was therefore terminated.

This result indicates that Shh-related carcinogenesis and Shh expression may be a trigger for the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. This study suggests a potential therapeutic target of hedgehog blockade in carcinogenesis.

The Kampo medicine, Goshajinkigan, is useful in preventing neuropathy in non-resectable or recurrent colorectal cancer patients treated with a FOLFOX regimen.

PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were associated with a poor prognosis and correlated with TGF-β and Foxp3 expressions in patients with CRC.