The aim of the present work was to study the effect of properties of ion exchange membrane on separation performance of electrodeionization (EDI) process for removal of nickel ions from dilute heavy metal solutions. It was shown that the properties of ion exchange membrane had a significant effect on removal of nickel ions. With feed water containing nickel ions at the concentration of 55mg•L-1, the nickel ions concentration of dilute stream was lower than 0.5mg•L-1and the nickel rejection was greater than 99% when using EDI membranes, while that was in the range of 2.48-3.55mg•L-1with conventional heterogeneous ion exchange membranes. With optimum ion exchange material and operating conditions, EDI would be a very interesting and innovative technology for the treatment of dilute heavy metal solutions.
Local dry welding is an important water welding method with special advantages for good flexibility in nuclear power stations repair where operation spaces are usually very limited, and it can be applied perfectly by simple integration of a lot of welding processes with shielding cup. An underwater welding system chamber was built, which is mainly comprised of an underwater welding test chamber, and a hydraulic driven underwater welding device. Shielding gas is inflated to the small compacted cup to drive water and protect arc and weld pool. At shallow water of 100mm,Pulsed MIG tests were carried out to investigate parameters which are related to welding process of 304 stainless steel cladding layers. Welding tests at different depth indicates that although profiles of welds produced both at pressures of 5 meters water depth and at pressures of 15 meters water depth are perfect, but cladding layer at 15 meters is more narrow and more high
In this study, 304 stainless steel particles were deposited on IF steel substrates by cold dynamic spray technology. The effect of gas temperature on bonding features and deposition critical velocity were studied and compared. The results demonstrated that the successful bonding between 304SS particle and substrate could be attributed to the adiabatic shear instability mechanism, increasing gas temperature led to enhance the particle interface bonding, deduce the deposition critical velocity, and also increase both deposition efficiency and density of coatings.
Nanostructured layers were fabricated on the surface of 0.4C-1.0Cr and 1.0C-1.5Cr low alloy steels by using an ultrasonic particulate peening (USPP) technique. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the nanocrystallized layers were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, and nano-indentation test. Results showed that the average grain size in the surface nanocrystallized layer of 0.4C-1.0Cr and 1.0C-1.5Cr low alloy steel was about 5nm and 10nm, respectively. The nano-indentation hardnesses of the surface nanocrystallized layer were enhanced significantly and reach upwards of 8.0 GPa and 12.5 GPa, respectively.
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