This paper has for its purpose the presentation of data obtained from the analysis of blood serum and transudates from human subjects, and an examination of these data to determine whether the distribution of electrolytes in these systems is adequately defined by the laws first stated by Willard Gibbs, afterwards elaborated and tested by F. G. Donnan, and lately applied to protein solutions by Jacques Loeb. Van Slyke, Wu, and McLean showed in 1923 that the unequal distribution of bicarbonate and chloride ions between the serum and erythrocytes of horse blood, equilibrated at fixed CO2 tensions, was in harmony with the ratios predicted by the GibbsDonnan law. Calculations made at that time from the data of Loeb, Atchley, and Palmer of the distribution of electrolytes between serum and transudates suggested that these were systems which were in approximate equilibrium and to which the Donnan law could be applied. Except in the case of the chloride ratios, however, discrepancies of considerable magnitude existed between the distribution found by analysis and that predicted by the formulae developed by Van Slyke, Wu, and McLean. The data in this paper present further experimental evidence on the question of whether serum and transudates constitute a heterogeneous system in appro~dmate thermodynamic equilibrium; and whether the membrane separating them is freely diffusible to inorganic anions and cations as is collodion, or whether it has properties of selective permeability as has the red cell membrane.
relatively restricted range of body parameters (27). A tion and comparison with results of almost igoo physical measmore general relationship, applicable to humans urenents taken from the literature indicate that this approach throughout growth and development from birth to provides results acceptable for most clinical purposes, and is maturity, would provide a more satisfactory and conmuch more convenient and rapid than other, conventional voe methods of arriving at indices of body composition (volume, venient basis forbodyvolume estimates. The results of specific gravity, density, and body fat). The method permits the efforts toward the attainment of that objective are |* simultaneous determination of human body surface area as described in the following. previously described. (Fig. 3 of (30)). for a limited range of male adults in terms of weight
0
CONSTRUCTION OF CHART FOR VALUESThe data were then processed by means of an IBM '9and height alone, have been derived and tested in this t620 computer to determine the relationship of V/S to laboratory (29, 31). The most acceptable relationship WIM for the several groups of studies composed of 737found, in respect to reliability and convenience in use, individual subjects.' The equations best fitting the data was that expressed by 'sofar a possibie, alt original data given in terns of specific
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.