Summary Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of patients with unilateral transmigration of a mandibular canine in the largest study group presented until now. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 93 patients with unilateral transmigration of mandibular canine; the control group included 85 non-affected patients. Type of transmigration, status of deciduous and permanent canines, prevalence of missing teeth, class of occlusion, and space conditions were assessed to draw comparisons between groups. Results In this study, 64.5 per cent patients presented type 1 of transmigration; types 2, 3, 4, and 5 were present in, respectively, 23.7, 5.4, 4.3, and 2.1 per cent patients. There was a clear, statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) between the mean crown and apex migration and angulation for the three groups of canines (transmigrated, contralateral, and control), whereas no differences were observed for the total number of permanent teeth present. In the study group, 73.1 per cent patients retained their primary canine on the affected side and 18.3 per cent on the contralateral side; in the control group, 22.3 per cent subjects had at least one primary canine. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of types of malocclusion between the study and the control groups. Conclusions Transmigration of mandibular canine was associated with the presence of retained primary canine on the affected side, higher mesial tilting of contralateral mandibular canine when compared to the canines in the control group. Additionally, higher prevalence of Angle’s Class I occlusion in patients with canine transmigration was recorded.

Premature loss of a deciduous tooth is its loss 3 to 4 years before its physiological replacement, in other words – one year before the date of physiological resorption of its roots. The most common reasons for premature loss of deciduous teeth include complications of caries such as: pulp gangrene, periodontitis, inflammation of the periapical area, periapical lesions, abscesses, and osteitis. Mechanical traumas and cysts belong to other reasons. Direct consequences of premature loss of a deciduous tooth include inhibition of growth of the alveolar process bone of the maxilla or alveolar part of the mandible in the area where a tooth is missing. Presence of space in the dental arch leads to various dental displacements such as tooth displacement along the arch, rotations, inclinations. It leads to dental abnormalities, including secondary crowding, dental abnormalities associated with time and place of eruption of permanent teeth, arch midline shift, and Godon’s effect. Consequences of premature loss of deciduous teeth also include worsening of pre-existing malocclusions and dysfunctions of the masticatory organ associated with chewing, speech and swallowing. Aim. The paper aimed to present consequences of premature loss of deciduous teeth and to determine indications for prophylactic treatment. Material and methods. A review of literature in Polish and English from the period 2006–2017 was performed using PubMed, PBL, Embase, Scopus databases. “Premature loss of deciduous teeth” was a key word. Results. Consequences of premature loss of various groups of deciduous teeth were presented and indications for prophylactic treatment were discussed based on literature collected. Conclusions. The analysis performed concluded that due to various consequences of premature loss of deciduous teeth orthodontic management is recommended in many cases in order to minimise consequences of premature loss of deciduous teeth. (Wojtaszek-Lis J, Regulski P, Laskowska M, Zadurska M. Effects of premature loss of deciduous teeth on the morphology and functions of the masticatory organ. Literature review. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 29-47)

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