La Morbilidad Materna Extrema (MME) es un problema de Salud Pública que ha llamado la atención de las instituciones, agencias y gobiernos en todo el mundo por su alta frecuencia e impacto. A pesar de los esfuerzos, no se han logrado alcanzar las metas planteadas. Objetivo: Caracterizar las demoras o retrasos en la atención en salud de pacientes con MME como factores determinantes de la presencia de estos eventos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de serie de casos, en gestantes con MME durante el mes de Marzo de 2013 en un Hospital Universitario. Resultados: En el periodo descrito se presentaron 23 casos de MME, el 65.2% eran menores de 25 años. La mayoría residían en Cabecera Municipal (65.2%), tenían una unión estable (65.22%) y contaban con afiliación al régimen de salud (86.96%). Se encontró una razón de 1.1 en cuanto a la gestación deseada versus no deseada, el 75% de las pacientes que no deseaban su embarazo, no utilizaban ningún método de anticoncepción. Ninguna de las pacientes asistió a consulta preconcepcional, la mitad tuvieron adherencia al programa de control prenatal y tan solo el 65.2% tuvieron una captación temprana. Se identificaron principalmente demoras tipo uno (69.6%) y tres (65.2%). En ocho de los 23 casos (34.78%) se presentó algún tipo de evento adverso; de estos, el 50% (cuatro casos) se clasificaron entre leve y moderado y el otro 50% como severos.
Objective. The frequency of HLA class I and II was determined in a population of patients with spondyloarthritis with respect to detection in the clinical setting and by radiology. Materials and methods. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective study was conducted in 56 patients from northwestern Colombia. Each was diagnosed with spondyloarthritis between 2005 and 2008. In each case, alleles were identified for the loci HLA class I and II (HLA-B; HLADQB1 and HLADRB). The frequency of these alleles in the axial, peripheral, extraarticular and radiological manifestations. Results.The frequency of HLA-B27 was 50% overall, and it was the most frequent allele. The two other alleles were HLA.DRB4*01 at 35.7% and HLA-DQB1*0501 at 28.6%, as detected in each of the clinical and radiological manifestations. A high frequency of HLA-B27 and HLA-DRB4*01 (64.3%) was noted in patients with dactylitis. Conclusion.The alleles HLA-B27, HLA-DRB4*01 and HLA-DQB1*0501 were common in the different subtypes of spondyloarthritis and were frequent in the specific clinical axial, peripheral and extraarticular clinical manifestations, as well as radiological sacroiliitis.
It is well known that the response of semiconductor photodetectors depends on the state of polarization of the incident light. The magnitude of this effect is quantified as the logarithm of the ratio of the maximum and minimum values of the responsivity when the detector is illuminated with completely polarized radiation of different polarization states. It will be referred to as polarization-dependent responsivity (PDR) (defined in analogy to polarization-dependent loss).A first set-up was developed to measure the average PDR of several germanium (Ge) and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodetectors between 1510 nm and 1610 nm, using a polarization scrambler. It has been observed that Ge and InGaAs photodetectors are sensitive to polarization, and that the magnitude depends on wavelength. It is shown that the PDR increases dramatically at wavelengths beyond the responsivity peak: this effect is especially strong for Ge, which has its peak near 1550 nm at room temperature, whose PDR is 0.005 dB at 1550 nm and 23 ˚C, while it increases to 0.05 dB at the same wavelength when the detector is cooled to −10 ˚C.A second set-up was developed to measure the response of photodetectors to four main states of polarization at a grid of points on the active area with a small collimated beam, which is moved over the detector's surface using a motorized translation stage. With the power measured at each polarization state, we propose an adaptation of the Mueller matrix that allows us to obtain the first row of this matrix, so as to calculate the polarization axis vector for each point measured on the photodetector. Results lead us to suspect the existence of a polarization axis in photodetectors.
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