El objetivo de este artículo es analizar al agente proveedor de la asistencia técnica pecuaria en Sinaloa, a través de variables asociadas al capital humano, para identificar factores críticos y hacer propuestas para mejorar este servicio. Para examinar variables categóricas se utilizó muestreo estratificado, análisis de componentes principales y la prueba ji-cuadrada. Para caracterizar al técnico pecuario se identificaron cinco componentes vinculados con los atributos, habilidades, conocimientos y comportamiento. Los factores críticos del trabajo del extensionista están relacionados con el sueldo insuficiente y lugar de residencia diferente al de los productores que atiende, además con el poco interés de éstos para implementar innovaciones tecnológicas. Con los resultados obtenidos se pueden elaborar programas de capacitación y contratación de extensionistas pecuarios.
El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar las causas de la pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria en el campo mexicano bajo el marco de la política pública, con la finalidad de contribuir a la comprensión conceptual de esta problemática a través de una revisión documental con perspectiva histórica. Se aborda el desarrollo conceptual de la seguridad alimentaria, tema priorizado en la agenda pública con marcos normativos que no han logrado garantizar el derecho a la alimentación. Las políticas alimentarias en México se caracterizan por reflejar el patrón internacional del enfoque de seguridad alimentaria, vinculadas al nuevo sistema agroalimentario mundial, en el que pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria constituyen una oportunidad para el régimen corporativo alimentario que limita el acceso a los alimentos a millones de personas. Se concluye, que la seguridad alimentaria en México se ha limitado a políticas sociales de combate a la pobreza, desprovista de reconocimiento como un problema estructural de un desarrollo económico asimétrico, por lo cual, a pesar de los esfuerzos gubernamentales la pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria no han podido revertirse. Finalmente, se propone un diálogo de saberes entre los enfoques de seguridad y soberanía alimentaria que contribuya a la construcción de alternativas con cambios estructurales que más allá de superar la pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria, logren democratizar el sistema agroalimentario.
<p><strong>Background.</strong> Considering the current importance of recognizing the potential of traditional agroecosystems, including homegardens in the sustainable development of many rural and urban communities, strategists and scientists around the world are showing increasing interest in their study. <strong>Objective.</strong> Analyze the scientific literature relevant to the scope and constraints of homegardens (HGs), and to identify gaps and research perspectives, especially for indigenous communities in Mexico. <strong>Methodology.</strong> A total of 335 studies published in the last decades (1986-2020) were collected from different databases using predefined keywords. All publications were organized and stored in the Zotero (2018) program. The trends of all the publications were analyzed using NVivo 12 Plus software. <strong>Results.</strong> The number of publications increased from the year 2000. About 70% of the publications analyzed were research articles in english. Of the total studies examined 239 (71.35%) were conducted in different parts of the world, of which 30% from Asia and the remaining 96 (28.65%) from Mexico, primarily in tropics. Most of these studies focused on ecological (62.98%), economic (20.29%), cultural (13.43%), social (7.46%) and multifunctional features (12.23%) of HGs. The same pattern was identified in the case of Mexico, with studies of 10.74%, 5.07%, 5.67%, 0.597%, and 3.58% focused on ecological, economic, cultural, social and the multifunctionality features of HGs respectively. <strong>Implications. </strong>The analysis of the scope and limitations of HGs contributes to identifying the need to carry out transdisciplinary research that reflects their whole dynamics as agroecosystems, in which, in addition to the ecological environment, there are various cultural aspects considered important in the indigenous communities of Mexico.<strong> Conclusions. </strong>The publications emphasized the importance of homegardens to provide multiple ecosystem functions and services to enhance human well-being. However, future research should reevaluate HGs based on a holistic multi-functional agriculture approach to promote them as one of the strategies conducive to improve family well-being. Also, it is suggested to evaluate the degree of sustainability of HGs based on its resilience and adaptation capacity to confront current challenges.</p>
Mexico has a wide range of biophysical and socioeconomic conditions that result in farmers with highly diverse traits and activities in relation to their livelihoods. The aim of this research was to identify specific traits of Mexican farmers that would allow them to be classified through a multidimensional approach that includes the risk of production in the face of exposure and vulnerability to climate change. The method included three dimensions: producer sensitivity, production destination, and exposure to climate change. Principal component analysis combined with the Dalenius and Hodges optimal stratification technique was used to stratify the universe of agricultural producers. The results show that up to 227 groups of agricultural producers can be identified in Mexico, and it was possible to classify them into 19 types, ranging from agricultural producers at greatest risk due to the adverse effects of climate change to agricultural producers with fewer difficulties to produce in conditions of climate change. This proposed multidimensional typology of agricultural producers can become an essential input for designing, reorienting, or focusing public policies in the agricultural sector and moving towards fulfilling the commitments declared in the INDC-2030.
El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar los programas y acciones de desarrollo social que han sido aplicados en México durante el periodo 2009 a 2016 con la finalidad de comparar la cantidad de programas y el nivel de vinculación existente con la población objetivo. Se identificó que existe una desvinculación de las políticas públicas orientadas al desarrollo social, fundamentalmente en el tema de exclusión, inequidad y enfoque. Además, algunos programas no cuentan con la focalización de su población. Se debe considerar a la agricultura familiar como eje para la articulación de las políticas públicas, así como incluir todos los tipos de agricultores familiares que existen en el campo mexicano.
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