COVID-19 impacts both direct and indirect and at various levels, are currently ominous, and significantly challenge systems in society, economy and environment, influencing governance (GVRN), development (DVMT) and related poverty (PVTY) elements. This research explores relationships between GVRN and DVMT effects in developing countries (DCs), proposing that transport, supply chain and logistics management (TSCLM) incorporating agility, can enable GVRN more supportive and responsive. In so doing, efforts for DVMT and PVTY eradication can improve, alleviating problems for individuals and systems left unprepared, bereft and vulnerable. It is vital to pursue this area of research for theoretical and managerial features in the underexplored contexts are generally still novel. To heighten research and practical consciousness of interactions between GVRN, TSCLM and DVMT, especially PVTY effects, this paper engages literature review and associated conceptual model with propositions. The conceptual model focuses on relationships and interactions, combining institutional theory and organisational learning theory incorporating networking or collaboration, presenting four propositions to sustain further exploration, management and practice. In concluding, this researcher presents implications, and suggests future research avenues with respect to interrelationships of GVRN, TSCLM and DVMT. The incorporation of elements to better enable GVRN relationship with DVMT beneficial to PVTY eradication in business context with COVID-19 hindrances, can assist individuals and firms to be more agile and effective in planning, implementation and output systems and to sustain advantageous outcomes. This research contributes to augmenting theory and practice in supply-chain management, GVRN and DVMT, so researchers, managers and others can benefit from value added in improving processes and practices including success with eradicating COVID-19 hindrances to significant attainments.
Firms' strategic flexibility and agility in internationalization (INT) is influenced by context. However, there are few studies concerning INT conducted in and about emerging economies (EEs). There exists a dearth of literature on INT connected to strategic management (SM). Such gaps motivate this research to alleviate needs to further explore entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of owners and managers, their motives for foreign market entry, and effects of the innovation (IVN) and networking (NWG) with firms' INT. It incorporates how strategic project management (SPM) flexibility can enable firms in EEs to be more agile in EO, influencing how they develop INT activities of exporting (EXP) and sales-subsidiary establishment (SSE), to minimize hindrances and improve performance. This is a vital attractive area of research to pursue for the importance of INT and advantages in and for EEs is increasing, and exploration reveals EO elements and enabling factors enhancing INT outcomes. The qualitative approach reviews literature in EO, INT and SPM, and presents a conceptual model with propositions, complemented by enhanced framework. Organization learning theory (OLT) perspective is utilized to better understand EO of firms in and from EEs, leading to effective INT outcomes.Findings and implications are that coordination assists EO, goal and role clarification, for SPM crucial to synergy, promotes agility, effective SM and outcomes, minimizing difficulties as IVN, NWG and learning (LNG) support drivers and mechanisms improving INT performance (Kodama, 2005;Belassi, Kondra and Tukel, 2007;Tomomitsu, Carvalho and Moraes, 2017). This paper contributes to theory and practice further developing EO-SPM-INT relationships, and focusing on SPM and IVN interactions, firms can better coordinate for more effective INT. Researchers and practitioners can benefit from the novel means to improve processes and critical managerial and success factors best integrating SO, SI and results beneficial in EEs' INT.
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