First reports of envenoming by South American water snakes Helicops angulatus and Hydrops triangularis from Bolivian Amazon: a one-year prospective study of non-front-fanged colubroid snakebites. Toxicon. 2021;202:53-9. 8. da Silva AM, Mendes VKDG, Monteiro WM, Bernarde PS. Non-venomous snakebites in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52:e20190120. 9. Ministry of Health of Brazil. How is Brazil taking care of tourists' health? Available at: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/ bvs/publicacoes/como_cuidar_saude_brasil_ingles.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2021. 10. de Medeiros CR, Duarte MR, de Souza SN. Differential diagnosis between venomous (Bothrops jararaca, Serpentes, Viperidae) and "Nonvenomous" (Philodryas olfersii, Serpentes, Dipsadidae) snakebites: is it always possible?
The effective conservation of a species requires a thorough knowledge of its ecology. Long considered to live exclusively in rocky habitats, the European leaf-toed gecko (Euleptes europaea) has in fact been observed in vegetated and wooded habitats at several locations throughout its range. The tendency of this species to use these habitats seems to be clearly supported by its prehensile tail characteristic of geckos with arboreal behaviour. To better assess tree occupation by E. europaea and other co-occurring geckos, a site-occupancy survey was conducted in 2022 on the testing site of DGA (French MoD the Procurement Agency) of Levant Island (Hyeres, France). Two stands of Eucalyptus sp. containing 68 trees were selected to monitor. One stand lies in an anthropised context, consisting of scattered woodland and clear ground (stand 1), and the other represents a "natural" forest context with dense ground vegetation (stand 2). The results revealed high occupancy by E. europaea in both stands, with an average occupancy probability of 0.57 (CI 0.40;0.72). The Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) and Moorish gecko (Tarentola mauritanica) had an average occupancy probability of 0.28 (CI 0.16;0.44) and 0.07 (CI 0.03;0.16) respectively. In stand 2, E. europaea was the only gecko species found, suggesting that it is better adapted to this type of forest habitat, which may represent a refuge for this species. In view of these results, the ecology of this species should be reconsidered and the research broadened by systematically including vegetated and forest habitats.
ContextIn recent years, multiple computer algorithms, which allow us to perform photographic capture–recapture analysis, have been developed. Their massive application, also in wildlife demographic and ecological studies, is largely due to the fact that these tools are non-invasive and non-expensive. To maximise the performance of these programs, it is essential to have a good photo-standardisation so as to avoid bias in the results. A lot of ‘non-standardised’ photos are not usable for capture–mark–recapture (CMR) analysis, entailing the loss of potentially exploitable data. AimsNo study has accurately investigated the effect of the corporal bending of an animal on the performance of the interactive individual identification system (I3S) algorithm. For this reason, we assessed the effect of this photographic standardisation parameter (PSP) on the reliability of this algorithm. MethodsWe assessed the effect of the body position of Triturus cristatus between capture and recapture photos on the error rates of a group of standardised pictures, performing a generalised linear model analysis. We have also evaluated the effect of image correction (i.e. straightening of newts’ bodies) on the error rates (expressed by false rejection rates, FRRs) of the first (standardised) photo-group (G1) and of a non-standardised photo-group (G2). To perform this, we used I3S-Pattern+ for the photo-matching analysis and I3S-Straighten for the correction of the pictures. Key resultsThe difference of body angles between capture and recapture pictures had a significantly increased error rates in G1. Digital correction of body bending reduced the error rates. For the pictures where corporal bending was not digitally corrected, the top 20 FRRs were 0.38 and 0.33 for G1 and G2 respectively. For corrected (straightened) pictures, the top 20 FRRs were 0.026 and 0.15. ConclusionsOur findings showed a high impact of newt corporal bending and photographic treatment on the I3S algorithm reliability. ImplicationsWe provide some recommendations to avoid or minimise the effects of this PSP and improve photo-standardisation during and after CMR studies of species of Urodela. In this way, pictures that would be unusable in photo-matching software under current practice could become usable, increasing the available data to conduct a survey.
Nous avons étudié le régime alimentaire du Lézard ocellé, espèce considérée comme vulnérable en Europe, sur un espace naturel protégé abritant une des plus importantes populations françaises. Nous proposons de décrire la composition et les variations saisonnières du régime alimentaire dans la Réserve naturelle de Crau, et d’identifier les différences entre les classes d’âge. Un échantillon de 221 fèces a été récolté entre mai et septembre 2010 sur sept localités de la zone d’étude. Les 4029 proies et restes végétaux analysés ont permis d’identifier 156 taxons différents. Le régime se compose de Coléoptères (26,7 %), d’Orthoptères (23 %), d’Hyménoptères (19,3 %) et de fruits (17,1 %). Les Coléoptères coprophages ne représentent que 2,1 % de tous les Coléoptères consommés, ce qui est surprenant pour un site aussi fortement pâturé. Il existe une variation saisonnière de la composition (χ² = 943,173, df = 20, p < 0,001) mais aussi selon la classe d’âge (V = 572, p < 0,001). Les adultes consomment beaucoup plus de fruits au mois d’août que les juvéniles (χ2 = 80,349, df = 1, p < 0,001). La richesse taxinomique des proies consommées ne diffère pas entre les juvéniles et les adultes (Z = 1,839, p > 0,05). Les particularités de la Crau sont discutées et comparées aux autres études existantes dans la péninsule ibérique et en France.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.