Graphical Abstract
Renally cleared zwitterionic nanocarriers (H-Dots) are composed of ε-polylysine backbone for charge variations, near-infrared fluorophores for bioimaging, and β-cyclodextrins for potential drug delivery. H-Dots show ideal systemic circulation and rapid distribution and excrete from normal tissue/organ via renal excretion after complete targeting to the tumor site without nonspecific uptake by the immune system.
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