the exploitation or tapping of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex adr. de Juss.) Muell. arg. is one of the most important cultural practices in determining useful life, yield and accounts for a major part of the total production costs in rubber farming. the objective of this work was to evaluate yield performance and economic aspects of rubber tree clones submitted to diverse tapping systems. the trial was placed in Guararapes city, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with split-plot in time. the plots consisted of the ian 873, Pr 261, rriM 600 and rriM 701 clones. the tapping systems consisted the subplots, where: ½S = tapping of half spiral cut; d/2, d/3, d/4, d/5 and d/7 = tapping every 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days, respectively; 11 m/y = tapping during eleven months per year; et = ethephon (stimulant); Pa = panel application; la = lace application; 8/y = eight applications per year. The five experimental years were the sub-subplots and the ½S d/2 system was used as control. The analyzed variables were girth, dry rubber yield, tapping panel dryness and economic profitability. The ½S d/3 ET 2.5% and ½S d/4 ET 2.5% tapping systems provide the highest yield and profitability per hectare per year for the rriM 600 and Pr 261 clones. For the ian 873 and rriM 701 clones the yield superiority occurs in high tapping frequency; however the best profitability is obtained in the ½S d/7.ET 2.5% system. Key words:Hevea brasiliensis, natural rubber, tapping, ethephon, tapping panel dryness. resumo deSeMPenho aGronôMiCo e rentaBilidade de SiSteMaS de SanGria eM Quatro CloneS de SerinGueira no eStado de São Paulo a explotação ou sangria da seringueira Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex adr. de Juss.) Muell. arg. é uma das práticas culturais mais importantes que determina a vida útil, a produtividade, sendo responsável por maior parte dos custos totais do seringal. o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e aspectos econômicos de clones de seringueira, em diferentes sistemas de sangria. o experimento foi instalado no município de Guararapes, estado de São Paulo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas no tempo. as parcelas constituíram dos clones ian 873, Pr 261, rriM 600 e rriM 701. as subparcelas foram constituídas por nove sistemas de sangria: ½S = sangria em meio espiral; d/2, d/3, d/4, d/5 e d/7 = sangria a cada 2, 3, 4, 5 e 7 dias, respectivamente; 11 m/y = sangria durante onze meses por ano; et = ethephon (estimulante); Pa = aplicação no painel; la = sobre a canaleta; 8/y = oito aplicações por ano. os cinco anos experimentais foram as sub-
Resumen -El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño productivo y el contenido de macronutrientes del caucho extraído de cuatro clones de Hevea brasiliensis, en diferentes sistemas de sangría y estados fenológicos de las plantas. El experimento fue realizado en los años agrícolas de 2010 y 2011, en diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, en parcelas subdivididas, con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos principales -clones GT 1, PB 235, IAN 873 e RRIM 600 -fueron ubicados en las parcelas, y los subtratamientos, que fueron los sistemas de sangría ½S d/2, ½S d/4 ET 2,5% y ½S d/7 ET 2,5%, se ubicaron en las subparcelas. Las variables analizadas fueron producción y contenido de macronutrientes. Las muestras fueron obtenidas en los estados fenológicos de brotación foliar, hojas maduras y senescencia foliar. La producción y los contenidos de macronutrientes del caucho son más influenciados por la práctica de sangría que por el material genético en los estados fenológicos más restrictivos para el follaje de caucho.Términos para indexación: Hevea brasiliensis, fenología, nutrientes de caucho, sistemas de explotación. Yield and chemical properties of rubber of Hevea clones according to phenological stagesAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield performance and macronutrient content of rubber extracted from four Hevea brasiliensis clones, under different tapping systems and plant phenological stages. The experiment was carried out in the 2010 and 2011 crop seasons, in a split-plot randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The main treatments -GT 1, PB 235, IAN 873, and RRIM 600 clones -were allocated in the plots, and the secondary treatments, which were the tapping systems ½S d/2, ½S d/4 ET 2.5%, and ½S d/7 ET 2.5%, were allocated in the subplots. The analyzed variables were natural rubber yield and macronutrient contents. Samples of natural rubber were obtained in the leaf development, mature leaf, and leaf senescence phenological stages. Rubber yield and its macronutrient contents are more influenced by tapping practice than by genetic material in the restrictive phenological stages of foliage.
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