Background -Previous studies have shown that patch testing with food extracts can assist formulation of elimination diets (ED) in human patients with suspected adverse food reactions (AFR). Little is known about the use of these tests in dogs.Objectives -To evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of prick and patch testing in current protocols, and food challenge (FC) tests in dogs with AFR.Methods and materials -Prick and patch tests were performed on 21 dogs with chronic, nonseasonal pruritus. Dogs then were fed an ED formulated on the basis of the results. All dogs with improved clinical signs then were challenged with a food to which there had been a positive reaction in the tests. Six dogs subsequently were challenged with a food to which they had been negative on testing. Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) were evaluated on Day (D)0, D30 and D60 of the ED. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, and the Kappa (j)value were calculated.Results -Of the 21 dogs, there was a significant mean improvement in pVAS and CADESI-04 scores in 16 (76%) dogs after D30 (P < 0.01) and D60 (P < 0.01) of the ED. There were no statistical differences between D30 and D60. The combination of tests had SE, SP, PPV, NPV and j values of 80%, 66.7%, 66.7%, 80% and -0.17, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevance -The combination of prick and patch testing reached high values of SE and NPV. A diagnosis of AFR was made in 76% of the dogs, and test results were useful for the selection of an ED.
Allergic dogs are commonly sensitized to food allergens. We evaluated the use of the prick test to diagnose food allergies in dogs with pruritus and the efficacy of an exclusion diet based on the test. The prick test was performed in 10 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with pruritus, of which 25 received an exclusion diet for 60 days and was challenged with positive food on the test. pVAS and CADESI-4 were assessed on days 0, 30, and 60 after re-exposure. As a result, two control group dogs reacted to a single food allergen, milk and wheat. Of the 25 dogs with pruritus that reacted to food allergens, 24 (96%) reacted to more than one food allergen, and only one (4%) reacted to a single food protein: pork. In the test group (n=25), there was a significant improvement of pVAS and CADESI-4 after 30 and 60 days of dietary exclusion, with significant worsening of the scores with food allergen challenge. In conclusion, the prick test can be used for screening food allergens to make an exclusion diet.
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