No abstract

Summary Food industry workers are at increased risk for occupational contact urticaria (CU). There are many foodstuffs that have been reported to cause occupational CU, including seafood, meat, vegetables, and fruits. The aim of this review is to summarize all reported occupational cases of CU in the food industry. This is a systematic review based on a MEDLINE search of articles in English and German and a manual search, between 1990 and 2014, to summarize the case reports and case series of occupational CU in the food industry. Many different foodstuffs have been implicated in CU. Occupational CU has been reported in many different occupations, mostly in individuals dealing with seafood, meat, vegetables, and fruits, such as chefs, cooks, bakers, butchers, slaughterhouse workers, and fish‐factory workers. Foodstuffs that commonly induce occupational protein contact dermatitis include fish, seafood, meats, vegetables, and fruits. Food handlers may acquire CU resulting from occupational exposures. The prognosis varies widely. The diagnosis of immunological CU is based on the clinical history and on a positive prick test with the suspected substance and/or measurement of specific IgE.

Reactive perforating dermatosis is a rare chronic skin disease defined by the transepidermal elimination of collagen and/or elastin. In the acquired form in adults, it is frequently associated with diseases such as diabetes and chronic renal failure. No systematic reviews of treatment options are available for this disease. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize all reported treatment options for acquired reactive perforating dermatosis (ARPD). This is a systematic review based on a MEDLINE search of articles in English and German from 1990 to 2016. Most medical literature on the treatment of ARPD is limited to individual case reports and small series of patients. Various therapies that have been tried include antihistamines, topical keratolytics, corticosteroids, tretinoin, oral drugs such as allopurinol or antibiotics, and phototherapy or photochemotherapy. While there are no specific criteria for the evidence-based selection of treatment options for ARPD, the first priority in management of these conditions should be treatment of an underlying disease if present. None of the described modalities has been approved for first-line therapy. It is recommended to choose a combination of drugs that reduce itching and assist in the resolution of the skin lesions at the same time.

Moisturisers used alone or in combination with barrier creams may result in a clinically important protective effect, either in the long- or short-term, for the primary prevention of OIHD. Barrier creams alone may have slight protective effect, but this does not appear to be clinically important. The results for all of these comparisons were imprecise, and the low quality of the evidence means that our confidence in the effect estimates is limited. For skin protection education, the results varied substantially across the trials, the effect was imprecise, and the pooled risk reduction was not large enough to be clinically important. The very low quality of the evidence means that we are unsure as to whether skin protection education reduces the risk of developing OIHD. The interventions probably cause few or no serious adverse effects.We conclude that at present there is insufficient evidence to confidently assess the effectiveness of interventions used in the primary prevention of OIHD. This does not necessarily mean that current measures are ineffective. Even though the update of this review included larger studies of reasonable quality, there is still a need for trials which apply standardised measures for the detection of OIHD in order to determine the effectiveness of the different prevention strategies.

No abstract

No abstract

Numerous methods exist to characterize product quality. Nowadays, in the case of road vehicles, one of the most important issues is the acoustic comfort of the interior. However, the detection of the traffic environment is a further key question. In the case of minor vehicle collisions, the perceptibility is to analyze. Within the framework of the current study, the results of airborne noise measurements are presented. Experimental data were used to design predictive fuzzy models to estimate cabin noise level, which is in connection with the audibility of outer sourcing sounds. Two concepts of inference systems were investigated by examining accuracy, conformity and 0 residuals: Mamdani and Sugeno type ones. It was finally concluded that for estimating interior noise, Sugeno type fuzzy model is the better choice, as the accuracy and conformity are higher. In addition, the range of residuals is a magnitude lower: Mamdani type FIS provided-2.30 ~ 2.30 dB (-3.84 ~ 3.30%), Sugeno type one resulted-0.40 ~ 0.20 dB (-0.57 ~ 0.33%). Furthermore, the residuals follow a Gaussian distribution, in the case of the Sugeno predictive fuzzy model.

No abstract