Milk and dairy products are high-value foods; however, consumers suffering from lactose intolerance are not able to enjoy the nutritional benefi ts of these commodities. There are more and more researches and developments focusing on lowering the lactose content of milk and dairy foods in order to make them available for lactose intolerant people. In this study, we examined the coagulation time, product quality, texture profi le properties, and syneresis of yoghurts prepared from lactose-free milk. Signifi cant differences were observed between the control and lactose-free milks with respect to coagulation time and texture profi le. The fi rst rupture time, the hardness, and the adhesion force of the lactose-free yoghurt were higher compared to the control product. We observed remarkable difference between the whey leakage of control and lactose free yoghurt samples (21.47% and 14.63%). Results coming from instrumental texture profi le analyses showed that the preliminary lactose hydrolysis of milk resulted a fi rmer texture. It was confi rmed by the results of sensory evaluation, and considering the texture and taste, there was signifi cant difference between the control and lactose-free yoghurts.
There is no standard limit value for somatic cell count (SCC) of raw goat milk in the EU despite that excellent hygienic quality milk is needed for the manufacture of fermented milk products or cheese varieties. Mastitis often results such high SCC - besides the potential risk for humans - that the clotting of milk will not be perfect, resulting slack curd with higher whey releasing; furthermore, wrong structure, ripening, bad sensory properties of cheese can also be its consequences. In this paper, we report the SCC of milk samples from five different goat breeds bred in Hungary, measured with two fast methods compared with the results from the reference method. Furthermore, we investigated the applicability and the accuracy of the MT-02 (Agro Legato Ltd., Hungary) instrument. We determined that the White Side test and the instrument MT were suitable for the estimation of possible risks and consequences in the case of the use of high SCC milk before production. The general summarized average milk SCC was 6.64 × 105 ml−1. The highest difference between the results from MT-02 and the fluorometric (reference) method was 5 × 105 ml−1, but it was a singular, extreme value. The r2 of the calculated linear calibration equation was 0.7819; consequently, this method seems to be applicable in the measurement of SCC with MT-02 instrument. Furthermore, the SCC of samples did not differ significantly by genotypes and by seasons (spring: 5.85 × 105 ml−1, autumn: 6.22 × 105 ml−1).
In this study the performance of a vibratory shear-enhanced processing system (VSEP) for the concentration of cheese whey was assessed and compared with a classical, cross-flow, plate and frame membrane configuration system (3DTA) with the same membrane (i.e. a C30F UF regenerated cellulose UF membrane with a 30 kDa molecular weight cutoff). The temperature and pressure dependences of the permeate flux, the permeate flux reduction ratio, the resistances and the rejection values were investigated. Comparison of the two systems revealed a definite advantage for the VSEP system equipped with the same membrane and operated at the same pressure and temperature. The VSEP system yielded a permeate protein retention of 99.7% vs. 74.5% for the 3DTA system, together with a higher average flux: 54 L m
−2
h
−1
vs. 44.2 L m
−2
h
−1
. The flux reduction ratio (
J/J0
) was 0.60 vs. 0.42, and the total resistances 2.87*10
+13
m
−1
vs. 4.54*10
+13
m
−1
for the VSEP and 3DTA system, respectively.
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