The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of different isoflavone forms (glycosidic, malonyl-glycosidic, aglycone and total) from defatted cotyledon soy flour using the simplex-centroid experimental design with four solvents of varying polarity (water, acetone, ethanol and acetonitrile). The obtained extracts were then analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The profile of the different soy isoflavones forms varied with different extractions solvents. Varying the solvent or mixture used, the extraction of different isoflavones was optimized using the centroid-simplex mixture design. The special cubic model best fitted to the four solvents and its combination for soy isoflavones extraction. For glycosidic isoflavones extraction, the polar ternary mixture (water, acetone and acetonitrile) achieved the best extraction; malonyl-glycosidic forms were better extracted with mixtures of water, acetone and ethanol. Aglycone isoflavones, water and acetone mixture were best extracted and total isoflavones, the best solvents were ternary mixture of water, acetone and ethanol.
-The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical and physical characteristics of grains of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars for food processing. The soybean cultivars evaluated were: grain-type -BRS 133 and BRS 258; food-type -BRS 213 (null lipoxygenases), BRS 267 (vegetable-type) and BRS 216 (small grain size). BRS 267 and BRS 216 cultivars showed higher protein content, indicating that they could promote superior nutritional value. BRS 213 cultivar showed the lowest lipoxygenase activity, and BRS 267, the lowest hexanal content. These characteristics can improve soyfood flavor. After cooking, BRS 267 cultivar grains presented a higher content of aglycones (more biologically active form of isoflavones) and oleic acid, which makes it proper for functional foods and with better stability for processing, and also showed high content of fructose, glutamic acid and alanine, compounds related to the soybean mild flavor. Because of its large grain size, BRS 267 is suitable for tofu and edamame, while small-grain-sized BRS 216 is good for natto and for soybean sprouts production. BRS 216 and BRS 213 cultivars presented shorter cooking time, which may be effective for reducing processing costs.Index terms: Glycine max, amino acids, fatty acids, hexanal, isoflavones, lipoxygenases, sugars. Composição química e física de soja tipo grão e tipo alimento para o processamento de alimentosResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas e físicas de grãos de cultivares de soja (Glycine max) para o processamento de alimentos. As cultivares avaliadas foram: tipo grão -BRS 133 e BRS 258; tipo alimento -BRS 213 (desprovida de lipoxigenases), BRS 267 (tipo hortaliça) e BRS 216 (tamanho de grão pequeno). As cultivares BRS 216 e BRS 267 apresentaram maior teor de proteínas e poderiam promover valor nutricional superior. A cultivar BRS 213 apresentou a menor atividade de lipoxigenases e a BRS 267, o menor teor de hexanal. Essas características podem melhorar o sabor dos alimentos. Com o cozimento, os grãos da cultivar BRS 267 apresentaram maior teor de agliconas (forma biologicamente mais ativa das isoflavonas) e de ácido oleico, o que a torna adequada para alimentos funcionais e com melhor estabilidade para processamento, além de maior teor de frutose, ácido glutâmico e alanina, compostos relacionados ao sabor suave da soja. A cultivar BRS 267, com maior tamanho de grãos, é adequada para tofu e edamame, e a BRS 216, com menor tamanho, é apropriada para natto e para produção de brotos de soja. As cultivares BRS 216 e BRS 213 apresentaram menor tempo de cozimento, o que pode ser eficaz para reduzir os custos do processamento.
Isoflavones, which exist in their conjugated or aglycone forms, are well recognized for their potential health benefits. However, isoflavones as aglycone have been regarded as the most bioactive form. In the present study, the profile of isoflavones and their scavenging activity as affected by germination were investigated in several soybean fractions, namely cotyledons, epicotyls, radicles, and hypocotyls. Only aglycones were detected in the radicles from 144 h until 168 h of germination, which makes this component a potential feedstock for studies aiming at isolation, especially of daidzein, which was present in higher concentrations. In terms of total yield and contribution to the total weight of the germinated soybeans, the cotyledons are the best source of aglycones, which was achieved at 144 h of germination. The higher scavenging activity of high-aglycone components from germinated soybeans supports the use of germination to obtain functional foods and/or ingredients with potentially superior bioactivities.
-The objective of this work was to analyze changes in the isoflavone profile, determined by high performance liquid chromatography, at different processing stages and after refrigeration of tempeh. For tempeh production, clean soybean grains from cultivars BR 36 (low isoflavone content) and IAS 5 (high) were dehulled, and the separated cotyledons were hydrated and then cooked in boiling water for 30 min. Spores of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus were inoculated in the cooked and cooled cotyledons, and incubated at 32ºC for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours in perforated polypropylene bags, for fermentation. The resulting tempeh was stored at 4ºC for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. After 24-hour fermentation, isoflavone glucosides were 50% reduced, and the aglycone forms in the tempeh from both cultivars was increased. The malonyl forms reduced 83% after cooking. Less than 24 hours of refrigeration did not affect the isoflavone profile of tempeh from either cultivar, which is a good indicator of its quality. The tempeh maintains the high and low isoflavone content of the cultivars, which indicates that cultivar differences in this trait should be considered when processing tempeh.Index terms: Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, aglycone, fermentation, functional food, high performance liquid chromatography, malonyl. Mudanças no perfil de isoflavonas e na composição química de 'tempeh' durante o processamento e a refrigeraçãoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar mudanças no perfil de isoflavonas, determinado por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, em diferentes estágios do processamento e após refrigeração de 'tempeh'. Para a produção do 'tempeh', grãos de soja limpos das cultivares BR 36 (baixo teor de isoflavonas) e IAS 5 (alto teor) foram descascados, e os cotilédones foram hidratados e, em seguida, cozidos por 30 min em água fervente. Em seguida, esporos do fungo Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus foram inoculados nos cotilédones cozidos e resfriados, e incubados a 32ºC por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas em sacos perfurados de polipropileno, para fermentação. O 'tempeh' resultante foi refrigerado por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas. Após 24 horas de fermentação, os teores de glicosídeos de isoflavonas reduziram-se em 50%, e os das formas agliconas aumentaram, em ambas as cultivares. Após o cozimento, as formas malonil reduziram-se em 83%. A refrigeração por menos de 24 horas não afetou o perfil de isoflavonas no 'tempeh' das duas cultivares, o que é um bom indicador de sua qualidade. O 'tempeh' mantém os altos e baixos conteúdos de isoflavonas das cultivares, o que indica que as diferenças entre cultivares, para esta característica, devem ser consideradas durante o processamento de 'tempeh'.Termos para indexação: Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, aglicona, fermentação, alimento funcional, cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, malonil.
ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sowing dates on the yield, 100-grain weight, oil, protein and isoflavone contents of food-type soybean breeding lines UEL 110, UEL 115 and UEL 123 and a cultivar BRS 257. The materials were seeded on four sowing dates, and the experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The productivity and 100-grain weight varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The protein content ranged from 36.40 to 42.44%, and the oil content ranged from 18.29 to 22.71%. No significant interaction was found between the genotype and sowing dates for the protein content. The isoflavone content also varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The cultivar BRS 257 had the highest isoflavone content, including the β-glucoside, malonyl glucoside and aglycones forms. The different sowing dates influenced the productivity, 100-grain weight, oil and protein content and isoflavone levels. Higher temperatures and lower rainfall during the grain filling decreased the productivity and isoflavone content and increased the protein content. For all sowing dates, the BRS 257 soybean food-type cultivar showed the highest isoflavone content, indicating that the effect of genotype is more important.Keywords: soybean, oil, protein, isoflavones.Produtividade e composição química de soja tipo alimento em diferentes épocas de semeadura RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito das diferentes épocas de semeadura na produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, teor de proteínas, óleo e isoflavonas de linhagens de soja tipo alimento UEL 110, UEL 115 e UEL 123 e cultivar BRS 257. O material foi semeado em quatro épocas de semeadura e o experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A produtividade e a massa de 100 grãos variaram com a época de semeadura e com os diferentes genótipos. O teor de proteínas variou de 36,40 a 42,44% e o de óleo de 18,29 a 22,71%. Não foi encontrada interação entre genótipo e épocas de semeadura para o teor de proteínas. O teor de isoflavonas variou com as épocas de semeadura e com os genótipos. A cultivar BRS 257 apresentou maior teor de β-glicosídeos, malonil-glicosídeos e agliconas. As diferentes épocas de semeadura influenciam a produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, conteúdo de óleo, proteínas e isoflavonas. Altas temperaturas e baixas precipitações durante o enchimento dos grãos reduzem a produtividade e teor de isoflavonas e aumentam o teor de proteínas. A cultivar BRS 257 apresenta o maior teor de isoflavonas indicando que o efeito genético é mais importante.Palavras-chave: soja, óleo, proteína, isoflavonas.
-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the processing conditions of soybean tempeh on the contents of β-glycoside isoflavones and on their bioconversion into aglycones. Different times of soaking (6, 12, and 18 hours), cooking (15, 30, and 45 minutes), and fermentation (18, 24, and 30 hours) with Rhizopus oligosporus at 37°C were evaluated for tempeh preparation. Grains from the cultivar 'BRS 267' were used, and the experiment was carried out according to a central composite design (2 3 ). The response functions comprised the contents of genistin, malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, daidzein, and genistein, quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Soaking, cooking, and fermentation times change the content, profile, and distribution of the different forms of isoflavones in tempeh. The highest bioconversion of glycoside isoflavones into aglycones occurred in 6-hour soaked soybean grains, whose cotyledons were cooked for 15 minutes and subjected to 18-hour fermentation.Index terms: Glycine max, Rhizopus oligosporus, daidzein, fermented soybean, functional food, genistein. Conteúdo e bioconversão de isoflavonas β-glicosídeos em agliconas nas condições de processamento do tempeh de sojaResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das condições de processamento do tempeh de soja sobre o conteúdo de isoflavonas β-glicosídeos e sobre sua bioconversão em agliconas. Diferentes tempos de maceração (6, 12 e 18 horas), cozimento (15, 30 e 45 minutos) e fermentação (18, 24 e 30 horas) com Rhizopus oligosporus a 37°C foram avaliados na preparação do tempeh. Foram utilizados grãos da cultivar 'BRS 267', e o experimento foi realizado de acordo com um delineamento composto central (2 3 ). As funções-respostas compreenderam o teor de genistina, malonildaidzina, malonilgenistina, daidzeína e genisteína, quantificadas por cromatografia líquida de ultraeficiência (CLUE). Os tempos de maceração, cozimento e fermentação alteraram o conteúdo, o perfil e a distribuição das diferentes formas de isoflavonas no tempeh. A maior bioconversão de β-glicosídeos em agliconas ocorreu em grãos de soja macerados por 6 horas, cujos cotilédones foram cozidos por 15 minutos e submetidos à fermentação por 18 horas.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, Rhizopus oligosporus, daidzeína, soja fermentada, alimento funcional, genisteína.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitabiliade de bebidas obtidas de extrato de soja em pó, produzido a partir de cultivar desprovida de enzimas lipoxigenases, e de dois extratos em pó comerciais. Duas bebidas do extrato da cultivar desprovida de lipoxigenases foram preparadas pela diluição em água mineral a 5 e 10%. Os extratos comerciais foram diluídos a 10%. Duzentos consumidores das cidades do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, e Londrina, PR, avaliaram a aceitação das bebidas, pela escala hedônica de sete pontos; a consistência e doçura por meio da escala do ideal de sete pontos; e a intenção de compra pela escala de três pontos. A bebida do extrato de soja da cultivar desprovida de lipoxigenases preparada a 10% obteve as maiores notas de aceitação (4,2 a 4,5), apresentou consistência próxima do valor ideal (4) e recebeu a maior porcentagem de repostas "sim" para a intenção de compras, enquanto as demais apresentaram notas inferiores nos atributos avaliados.Termos para indexação: leite de soja, alimento derivado de soja, soja livre de lipoxigenase. Acceptability of drinks prepared with different water-soluble soy extractsAbstract -The objective of this work was to assess the acceptability of soy drinks prepared with soymilk powder produced from lipoxygenase-free cultivar and from commercial soymilks powder. Two types of soy drinks were prepared by dissolving in water 5 and 10% null lipoxygenase soymilk powder and 10% soymilk powder for the commercial soymilks. The acceptance of soy drinks was evaluated by 200 consumers from Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Londrina, PR, Brazil, by using a seven-point hedonic scale. The just-about-right scale of seven points was used to assess the mouthfeel and the sweetness of soy drinks. The purchase intention of soy drinks was also evaluated through the scale of three points. The soy drink of 10% null lipoxygenase soymilk powder obtained the highest acceptance (4.2 to 4.5), showed consistence near to the ideal value (4) and the highest intention of buying. The other soy drinks presented lower values for these evaluated attributes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations –citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2023 scite Inc. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.