Artigo recebido em 09/11/2015 e aceito em 24/12/2015 R E S U M O O espaço urbano é objeto de constantes modificações e produção do espaço, sendo a vida na cidade definida pelas relações econômicas, sociais e culturais, que se apresentam altamente dinâmicas e mutáveis com o passar das décadas. Torna-se importante o planejamento do espaço urbano, visando a prevenção de impactos negativos, em parte pela rápida expansão desordenada das cidades e adensamento urbano. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a distribuição da rede de drenagem superficial do bairro de Santo Amaro ao longo dos séculos e verificar espacialmente, a partir dos dados históricos do Censo IBGE, algumas informações relativas à drenagem e esgotamento. Para tal foram utilizados mapas históricos da cidade de Recife, fotografias aéreas dos anos de 1974, 1981 Time-space evolution of surface drainage and waterproofing process in Santo Amaro, Recife-PE A B S T R A C T Urban space is subject to constant changes and production space, with city life defined by economic, social and cultural, that have highly dynamic and changing over the decades. It is important to the Urban Planning, with a view to preventing negative impacts, in part by the rapid sprawl of cities and urban density. The objective of this research is to analyze the distribution network of surface drainage of the Santo Amaro neighborhood for centuries and check spatially, from historical IBGE Census data, some information relating to drainage and sewage. To do this they used historical maps of the city of Recife, aerial photographs of the years 1974, 1981 and 1997 and 2007 Recife city ortofotocarta and 2014. All these were georeferenced and recorded. They were also used satellite images Landsat TM sensor 5 which were calculated the albedo of the surface and the EVI. They were tabulated and spatially the IBGE Census data. It was observed a decrease in vegetated areas inside the lots and increased waterproofing in much of the neighborhood, which significantly influences the runoff. Keywords: land use change, flooding, remote sensing. IntroduçãoO espaço urbano é objeto de constantes modificações e reprodução, sendo a vida na cidade definida pelas relações econômicas, sociais e culturais, que se apresentam altamente dinâmicas e mutáveis com o passar das décadas. Torna-se importante o planejamento do espaço urbano, visando à prevenção de impactos negativos, em parte pela rápida expansão desordenada das cidades e adensamento urbano (Berman, 1982). Na tentativa de disponibilizar novas áreas urbanas na área central do município, diversas
This article aims the analyze NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), and NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index) radiometric indices for TM and OLI sensor scenes aboard the LANDSAT satellite. The study area is the Tatu-Bola Wildlife Refuge, created in March 2015 through State Decree number 41,546, and its surroundings. The study aimed to monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of land use and land cover in a period before and after the implementation of the Armadillo-Bola Wildlife Refuge, using indices of vegetation (NDVI), moisture (NDWI), and exposed soil (NDBI) and its relationship with the surroundings. TM and OLI images (orbit and point 217-066) were used on board the LANDSAT satellite 5 (23-05-1987, 15-05-1996, and 01-02-2005) and 8 (28-01-2015 and 17-03-2021), radiometrically and geometrically corrected and obtained by accessing EarthExplorer, with the calculation of radiance and reflectance being performed, and the indices applied. In order to better identify the area with vegetation and exposed soil, the RGB composition was performed, with NDBI, NDVI, and NDWI indices for Landsat images and fusion of multispectral and panchromatic bands in WPM sensor images from the CBERS-4A satellite from 23-08-2020 (orbit and point 198-124) and 18-09-2020 (199-124). Digital numbers of cloud and shadow pixels were excluded through supervised classification. Between 1987 and 2021, it was possible to observe a decrease in vegetation cover, especially around the RVS Armadillo-balla, and an increase in area, with NDVI values lower than 0.40. The Refuge area in Petrolina has the largest amount of deforested area. The use of RGB composition of the indices and the merged images from the CBERS-4A satellite, with a spatial resolution of 2 m, present a significant improvement in identifying areas of exposed soil and dry vegetation.
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