Objective: To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Method: Forty-one patients with MG answered to a structured psychiatric interview (MINI-Plus). Results: Eleven (26.1%) patients were diagnosed with a depressive disorder and 19 (46.3%) were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Patients with dysthymia were older (p=0.029) and had longer disease duration (p=0.006). Patients with social phobia also had longer disease duration (p=0.039). Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders in MG are common, especially depressive and anxiety disorders.
RESUMO -O conhecimento dos mecanismos biológicos da dor não é suficiente para a compreensão das síndromes de dor crônica frequentemente encontradas pelos neurologistas, como lombalgias, cervicobraquialgias e mialgias, nas quais nenhuma anormalidade significativa é encontrada. Aspectos psicológicos, como distúrbios do humor e ansiedade, e aspectos sociais, como ganhos secundários do tipo aposentadorias e indenizações, podem ter papel relevante na iniciação e perpetuação dos sintomas. Fatores psicológicos e sociais produzem um comportamento de doença anormal, caracterizado basicamente por uma desproporção entre sinais objetivos escassos, queixas exacerbadas e alegação de incapacidade. A identificação de um comportamento de doença anormal, através da observação e avaliação dos comportamentos dos pacientes, é um método válido e útil para fins diagnósticos e quanto a natureza das queixas. O médico deve agir de modo a não reforçar as convicções organicistas dos pacientes, orientando-se quanto à propedêutica e tratamento pelos sinais objetivos e não pelo vigor das queixas e alegação de incapacidade. A sociedade deve também abster-se de adotar políticas que estimulam comportamentos de doente anormais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dor crônica, doença, comportamento anormal. Behavioral aspects of chronic pain syndromesABSTRACT -The knowledge of biological pain mechanisms are not sufficient for the understanding of patients with chronic pain syndromes such as low back, cervicobrachial and muscle pain. Psychological and psychosocial aspects play important roles in the setting and perpetuation of symptoms. Mood and anxiety disorders, secondary gains such as early retirement and financial compensations, must all be acknowledged by the physician as possible contributors to the symptoms. Abnormal illness behavior may better characterize patients with chronic pain syndromes. Behavior observation, which is akin to medical practice, is therefore a powerfull tool in the diagnosis and management of these syndromes. Physicians ought be very careful in not reinforcing the patients already strong organic convictions regarding their symptoms, avoiding making decisions based on patients complaints and alleged disabilities, and assigning poorly defined and disputable diagnosis labels. Society needs also to refrain from policies that encourage abnormall illness behaviors.KEY WORDS: chronic pain, abnormal illness behavior.O diagnóstico e o manejo de pacientes com sintomas sem patologia evidente é difícil e a maioria dos médicos não recebe educação e treinamento nesta tarefa 1 , sendo o médico treinado para procurar sempre uma patologia ou disfunção fisiológica responsável pelos sintomas. Por outro lado, explicações não-orgânicas não são aceitas por grande parte dos pacientes [2][3][4][5][6] . Estes fatores levam a uma demanda de rótulos, tanto por médicos quanto por pacientes, de diagnósticos que sugiram bases orgânicas dos sintomas. Diagnósticos surgem, de modo geral associados a algum descobrimento científico mais recente, e desaparecem quando as evid...
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy (DNP) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), and to compare the diagnostic criteria for DNP proposed and most widely utilized in the literature. Methods: Forty-eight patients with DM1 with a mean age of 12.9 years and mean duration of DM1 of 7 years, and 14 controls, were compared. Results of clinical neurological examination and nerve conduction (NC) were compared by means of diagnostic criteria proposed at the San Antonio Conference and by Dyck et al. s .Results: Twenty-two patients (46%) had DNP by the San Antonio criteria, and 25% according to those of Dyck et al. Three patients (6.3%) presented neurological complaints, such as lower limb pain, paresthesia and hyperhidrosis, and 31 (64.6%) presented peripheral nervous system changes upon clinical examination. Twenty-nine patients (60.4%) presented changes in motor and sensory nerve conduction. Motor NC changes were the most prevalent, above all in the median (86.2%) and fibular (55.2%) nerves. Conclusions: A high percentage of neurological changes were detected in this young population, with 5-10 years duration of DM1. Prevalence of DNP in the pediatric age group ranges from zero to 54% in published studies, mainly using the criteria of Dyck et al. or similar criteria. In the present study we found that roughly one-quarter of patients would be misdiagnosed according to the criteria utilized. We propose that neurological evaluation must be included in routine care for children with DM. Further studies leading to a more accurate diagnosis of DNP in children and adolescents are still necessary.
-We report the first Brazilian family with Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome. The presence of consanguineous marriages and illness affecting three sisters and one niece support an autosomal recessive transmission. The age at onset of the illness ranged from 12 to 20 years old. The time interval between hearing loss and involvement of other cranial nerves varied from 3 to 12 years. MRI demonstrated bulbar atrophy and also high intensity signal at T2 weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences.KEY WORDS: Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome, autosomal recessive inheritance, hearing impairment.Descrição de uma família brasileira com síndrome de Brown-Vialetto-van Laere com herança autossômica recessiva RESUMO -Descrevemos a primeira família brasileira com síndrome de Brown-Vialetto-van Laere. Os pacientes são três irmãs e uma sobrinha provenientes de casamentos consangüíneos, o que fortalece a hipótese de transmissão autossômica recessiva. A idade de aparecimento dos sintomas variou entre 12 e 20 anos. A latência entre a perda auditiva e o envolvimento de outros nervos cranianos variou de 3 a 12 anos. O estudo de imagem por ressonância magnética demonstrou atrofia bulbar além de alteração de sinal nas seqüên-cias ponderadas em T2 e FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery).PALAVRAS-CHAVE: síndrome de Brown-Vialetto-van Laere, herança autossômica recessiva, surdez.
To report a case of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.