LOS was associated with disease and nutrition status. Among the more common diseases, nutrition status according to the subjective approach determined the LOS for patients with DTD and nutrition status according to arm circumference determined the LOS for patients with neoplasms.

Mi ddle ear cholesteatoma is an important and relatively common disorder which may have serious consequences. Aim:The purpose was to conduct a retrospective study of the statistics of 1,146 middle ear surgical procedures for middle ear cholesteatoma in adults and children of low income living in distant areas from our city. Methods:From 1962 to 1988 there were 1,146 surgeries for unilateral or bilateral cholesteatomas in children and adults, which were reviewed for the following criteria: total number of surgeries, sex, onset of the first symptoms, duration of the disease, the site of perforation, the cholesteatoma site, changes in the ossicular chain, the contralateral ear, bilateral cholesteatomas, the site of residual cholesteatoma, and complications. Results:Results are shown graphically on a pie chart. Conclusion:The etiology of cholesteatomas remains unknown. Epidemiological and statistical data, surgical reports, and conclusions of experimental studies are welcome, as they may provide support for clarifying the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. Our results were compared with internationally published papers. We found no published papers on the epidemiology of cholesteatoma in the Brazilian literature. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;77(3):341-47. ORIGINAL ARTICLE BJORL

-Context -The investigation of risk factors associated with nutritional status could contribute for better knowledge of the malnutrition. Objective -To investigate the incidence of malnutrition and its possible association with many parameters that assess nutritional status and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods -The nutritional status was assessed in 235 hospitalized patients. Malnutrition was defined as present when the patient presented at least two anthropometric criteria below the normal range and habitual energy intake below 75% of the energy requirement (HEI/ER<75%). Gender, age, type of disease, recent weight change and dental problems were investigated as possible associated risk factors. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data and univariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify the factors associated with malnutrition. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated with the significance level set at 5% (P<0.05). Results -One-fifth (20%) of the patients were malnourished on admission to the hospital and 27.5% reported recent weight loss. Malnutrition (P<0.0001) was greater in patients with malignant diseases. The only variables significantly associated with malnutrition according to univariate logistic regression were recent weight loss (P = 0.0058; OR = 2.909; IC95% = 1.362; 6.212) and malignant disease (P = 0.0001; OR = 3.847; IC95% = 1.948; 7.597). When multiple regression was used in the model which included type of disease, malignant disease was shown to increase the chance of malnutrition fourfold (P = 0.0002; OR = 3.855; IC95% = 1.914; 7.766). When disease was excluded, recent weight loss also increased malnutrition fourfold (P = 0.0012; OR = 3.716; IC95% = 1.677; 8.236). Conclusion -Patients with a history of recent weight loss and those with malignant diseases are more susceptible to malnutrition.

A ressecção do esôfago sem toracotomia vem sendo utilizada com maior freqüência, nos últimos anos, para as afecções benignas, sobretudo no megaesôfago avançado. A vantagem dessa via de acesso é a de evitar o comprometimento da dinâmica pulmonar, mas, entretanto, podendo haver abertura da pleura, com o conseqüente hemopneumotórax, além da potencial agressão a outros órgãos mediastinais com morbidade pós-operatória muitas vezes expressiva. Por sua vez, no megaesôfago avançado, a esofagite de estase predispõe à instalação de carcinoma. Com base nessas considerações, foi proposta, previamente em animais e cadáver humano, a retirada da mucosa-submucosa do esôfago, mediante sua invaginação completa, sem toracotomia. Os resultados satisfatórios estimularam a continuação nessa linha de pesquisa, iniciando-se a experiência na área clínica. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo demonstrar o resultado do pós-operatório imediato, a técnica de retirada da mucosa do esôfago pelo descolamento submucoso, conservando a túnica muscular intacta no mediastino. O procedimento foi realizado pela via cervicoabdominal em 60 pacientes portadores de megaesôfago graus III ou IV. Efetuou-se a reconstrução do trânsito grastrintestinal transpondo o estômago pelo mediastino posterior, por dentro da túnica muscular esofágica ou pela via retroesternal. O estudo permitiu concluir: 1) a ressecção da mucosa pelo plano submucoso, mediante a invaginação, mostrou ser de execução simples e viável em 98,4% dos casos; 2) ausência de sangramento, no intra ou no pós-operatório imediato, cuja origem fosse do leito da túnica muscular esofágica remanescente ao nível mediastinal; 3) baixa incidência de complicações pleuropulmonares - 5,0%.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar as complicações da anastomose esofagogástrica cervical com sutura mecânica. Método: Foram estudados 30 pacientes com megaesôfago de grupo III/IV submetidos à esofagectomia transmediastinal, com idade variável de 31 a 68 anos. A reconstrução do trânsito foi realizada pela transposição gástrica e com anastomose na região cervical, realizada com o aparelho DHC 25/29 mm. Resultado: Quatro pacientes (13,3%) apresentaram complicações clínicas, produzidas por pneumonia, mas com boa evolução com tratamento clínico. Outros quatro pacientes (13,3%) apresentaram deiscência da anastomose esôfago-gástrica cervical, que foi tratada conservadoramente com boa evolução. Três desses pacientes e um outro sem fístula evoluíram com estenose da anastomose cervical tratados com sucesso com dilatações endoscópicas. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que a sutura mecânica é adequada por apresentar índices de complicações razoáveis. Entretanto, torna-se necessária a realização de estudo comparativo com a técnica manual (Rev. Col. Bras. Cir. 2005; 32(3): 143-146 INTRODUÇÃOEntre as cirurgias realizadas no tubo digestivo, as efetuadas no esôfago se revestem de especial interesse, devido à maior freqüência de complicações, notadamente referentes às deiscências de anastomoses. Estas quando ocorrem nos primeiros três a cinco dias de pós-operatório e no esôfago cervical, podem contaminar o mediastino levando a infecção de intensa gravidade. Quando a deiscência ocorre após esse período, a organização cicatricial que se instala impede a mediastinite [1][2][3][4] . Outro problema relacionado à deiscência é que, uma vez instalada, dificulta ou impede a realimentação do paciente, o que implica na adição de recursos, como a nutrição enteral ou parenteral. Levando-se em conta a freqüência de desnutrição entre os pacientes com afecções esofágicas, pode se inferir quão problemática é essa situação. Além disso, as deiscências anastomóticas prolongam a permanência e os custos hospitalares, o sofrimento dos doentes e ainda guardam relação com o surgimento de estenoses que constituem outro óbice que acompanha a cirurgia do esôfago.O advento da sutura mecânica reduziu o risco de fístulas fazendo com que alguns autores preconizassem este tipo de sutura também no esôfago cervical, já que este segmento do tubo digestivo é o que apresenta maior incidência de deiscência anastomótica [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

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Background:This study aims to present the most important considerations when it comes to patients features, clinical presentation, localization, and morphology of the aneurysm and the treatments outcomes of the fusiform aneurysms.Methods:We performed a literature review using PubMed. The search was limited to the studies published in English, from 2003 to 2017.Results:The studies analyzed that showed data about the patient features, clinical presentation, the aneurysm localization, morphology, and pathogenesis didn't present much divergence. The surgical and the endovascular approach showed similar treatments outcomes. The reconstructive techniques seem to be safer than the deconstructive. The flow diversion is a technique that showed great results.Conclusion:Most of the patients are men, younger than 50 years old, pediatric patients are the most affected. Surgical procedures still have an important place in this field. Reconstructive and deconstructive techniques are both effective; the reconstructive techniques are possibly safer than deconstructive techniques. The most important feature of an aneurysm to predict a bad prognose is to determine if the aneurysm is ruptured. The reconstructive EVT accompanied by dual antiplatelet after and before the procedure showed the best results to treat the basilar fusiform aneurysms. Deconstructive treatment including posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion should be considered.

BACKGROUND Older patients are commonly malnourished during hospital stay, and a high prevalence of malnutrition is found in hospitalized patients aged more than 65 years. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether total lymphocyte count is related to other nutritional markers in hospitalized older adults. METHODS Hospitalized older adults (N=131) were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Their nutritional status was assessed by the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS), anthropometry, and total lymphocyte count. The statistical analyses included the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. Spearman's linear correlation coefficient determined whether total lymphocyte count was correlated with the nutritional markers. Multiple linear regression determined the parameters associated with lymphocyte count. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS According to the NRS, 41.2% of the patients were at nutritional risk, and 36% had mild or moderate depletion according to total lymphocyte count. Total lymphocyte count was weakly correlated with mid-upper arm circumference (r=0.20507); triceps skinfold thickness (r=0.29036), and length of hospital stay (r= -0.21518). Total lymphocyte count in different NRS categories differed significantly: older adults who were not at nutritional risk had higher mean and median total lymphocyte count ( P =0.0245). Multiple regression analysis showed that higher lymphocyte counts were associated with higher triceps skinfold thicknesses and no nutritional risk according to the NRS. CONCLUSION Total lymphocyte count was correlated with mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and nutritional risk according to the NRS. In multiple regression the combined factors that remained associated with lymphocyte count were NRS and triceps skinfold thickness. Therefore, total lymphocyte count may be considered a nutritional marker. Other studies should confirm these findings.