This study analyzes the prevalence and characteristics of childhood and adolescence sexual abuse suffered by a sample of university students, as well as the variables associated with the nature of abuse. Participants anonymously completed the Questionnaire on Child Sexual Abuse, in order to obtain information about experience of sexual abuse. Of a total of 2,375 students, 289 (12.2%) declared having suffered sexual abuse before the age of 18. The invasiveness, continuity, and severity of abuse was related to the location where the abuse took place (the more severe cases were committed in the homes of the victim and perpetrator) and to the circumstances of abuse (relationships with partners/at a party or while caring for a child predicted more severe abuse). The age of the victim (preschool) and an intrafamilial relationship between victim and perpetrator were also related to more invasive, continuous, and severe sexual abuse. The knowledge of characteristics of perpetrator and victim and the context in which sexual abuse occurs can help to better comprehend the nature and correlates of sexual abuse. The results of the present study may contribute to the design of programs for the prevention of sexual abuse to minors.
Our study demonstrates the severity of the problem of sexual abuse of minors and its consequences, the circumstances in which this abuse occurs, and the profiles of perpetrators and victims. These results are relevant for the planning of abuse detection and prevention programs.
Abstract:The objective of the study was to analyze possible differences with regard to different rearing behaviors expressed by fathers and mothers on the socialization of sons and daughters during late adolescence and young adulthood. Participants were 193 students from the University of Granada, 149 of them being women and 44 men. They completed the Questionnaire on Rearing Practices (Supple, Peterson & Bush, 2004), which assesses six dimensions of parenting, regarding the father and the mother: Support, Positive Induction, Monitoring (Behavioral Control), Autonomy Granting, Punitiveness and Love Withdrawal. Results indicate that sons and daughters perceived a different parenting style by the father, but only in two of the dimensions evaluated (Positive Induction and Punitiveness). However, they did not perceived in a different way maternal parenting (only Love withdrawal approached the significance). With regard to the possible differences in parenting behaviors by foster parents, mothers performed higher levels of Induction, Monitoring and Support with both sons and daughters. The only dimension of parenting behavior in which father scores were higher than mother’s was Autonomy Granting with male children, but without reaching the statistical significance. Finally, regarding to the use of inappropriate methods of discipline, mothers showed a greater level of Punitiveness with daughters than fathers, while in the case of the male children mothers also scored significantly higher than parents on Love withdrawal.Keywords: Fathers, mothers, parenting practices, sexual differences.Resumen:El objetivo del estudio fue analizar posibles diferencias en diversas conductas de crianza manifestadas por los padres y las madres en la socialización de hijos e hijas durante la adolescencia tardía y la adultez joven. Los participantes fueron 193 estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada, de los que 149 eran mujeres y 44 varones. Cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Prácticas de Crianza (Supple et al., 2004), que evalúa seis dimensiones de la crianza, tanto del padre como de la madre: Apoyo, Inducción, Monitorización, Garantizar la Autonomía, Punitividad y Retirada del Afecto. Los resultados indican que hijos e hijas percibían una crianza diferencial por parte del padre, aunque sólo en dos de las dimensiones evaluadas (Inducción, Punitividad). Sin embargo, no percibían de modo diferente la crianza materna (únicamente se aproximaba a la significación la Retirada del afecto). En cuanto a las posibles diferencias en conductas de crianza por ambos progenitores, las madres prestaban unos mayores niveles de Apoyo, Inducción y Monitorización tanto con los hijos como con las hijas. La única dimensión de las conductas de crianza en la que las puntuaciones del padre superaban a las de la madre era en la Estimulación de la Autonomía con los hijos varones, aunque sin llegar al nivel de significación estadística. Finalmente, en lo que se refiere al uso de métodos de disciplina inadecuados, las madres mostraban una mayor Punitividad que los padres con las hijas, mientras que en el caso de los hijos las madres también puntuaban significativamente más que los padres en Retirada del Afecto.Palabras clave: Padres, madres, prácticas de crianza, diferencias sexuales.
Abstract:PARENTING BEHAVIORS ANTECEDENTS: THE ROLE OF THE PARENTAL CONFLICTSThe objetive of the research was to analyze the impact that parental conflicts can have on the rearing practices with children. In addition, this possible relationship is studied in the case of mothers and fathers, and according to the sex of the children. Participants were college students, 333 male and 333 female, who answered a questionnaire on parental conflicts (OPS; Porter & O’Leary, 1988) and Supple’set al. (2004) Parenting Practices Questionnaire. The results confirmed the significant relationship between couple conflicts and parenting behaviors. Total conflicts score was significantly related to the six dimensions of parenting used with daughters by fathers and mothers. In the case of children, however, conflicts were related to all dimensions of parenting of the father, and only two of the mother. Specific conflicts due to parenting had equal impact on the levels of support and autonomy maintained by fathers and mothers with daughters, as well as the use of negative parenting practices. However, in the case of the sons, conflicts predicted the negative practices of both parents, but only the dimensions of positive parenting of the father were resented. Finally, more intense conflicts (verbal aggressions score) were strongly associated with a lower use by mothers and fathers of positive parenting practices with daughters, as well as with the increased use by both of them of negative methods. However, in the case of the sons it was only associated with the use of negative parenting methods by the father.Key words: parenting, conflictsResumen:El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el impacto que puede tener la conflictividad de los padres en las prácticas de crianza que utilizan con los hijos. Además, esa posible relación se estudia con padres y madres, y en función del sexo de los hijos. Los participantes fueron 191 estudiantes universitarios, 44 varones y 147 mujeres, que contestaron un cuestionario sobre conflictos entre los padres (OPS de Porter y O’Leary, 1988) y el cuestionario de prácticas de crianza de Supple et al. (2004). Los resultados confirmaron la relación significativa existente entre conflictividad de pareja y las conductas de crianza mantenidas con los hijos. La puntuación total en conflictividad se relacionaba significativamente con las seis dimensiones de crianza utilizadas con las hijas por padres y madres. En el caso de los hijos, sin embargo, los conflictos se relacionaban con todas las dimensiones de crianza del padre, y solamente con dos de la madre. Los conflictos específicos por la crianza repercutían por igual en los niveles de apoyo y autonomía mantenidos por padres y madres con las hijas, así como en el uso de prácticas de crianza negativas. Sin embargo, en el caso de los hijos, la conflictividad predecía las prácticas negativas de ambos progenitores, pero sólo se resentían las dimensiones de crianza positiva del padre. Finalmente, la conflictividad más intensa (puntuación en agresiones verbales) se asociaba fuertemente con un menor uso por padres y madres de prácticas de crianza positivas con las hijas y una mayor utilización por ambos de métodos negativos, mientras que en el caso de los hijos sólo se asociaba con el uso de métodos de crianza negativos por parte del padre.Palabras clave: Prácticas de crianza, conflictos entre los padres
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