This article presents an overview of the nature, functions and history of health surveillance in the structure of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Bibliographical sources and official documents were used, with references from the careers of the authors, who have worked in health surveillance. Extremely serious adverse events in the mid-1990s gave political visibility to the fragility of Brazilian health surveillance, and were reflected in serious problems for the SUS. The creation of Anvisa and the SNVS surveillance system, and the support for bodies in individual states and municipalities, resulted in improvement in the structure and functioning of health surveillance, and improved recognition of the area as an emerging theme in research and education in public health. Several problems hamper the effective structuring of the SNVS. A change in the conception/design of health promotion is postulated, in which the large corporations, whose activities have strong connections with risk factors related to the current epidemic of chronic diseases, would be given a social responsibility. A set of challenges for better structuring of health surveillance in the SUS is also put forward.
Resumo O Ministério da Saúde declarou em 03 de fevereiro de 2020 estado de emergência em saúde pública de importância nacional em decorrência da pandemia pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2. Com isso, o IBGE adiou a realização do Censo Demográfico de 2020 e passou a formular uma PNAD COVID-19. O inquérito contou com uma amostra total de 349 mil pessoas em cerca de 200 mil domicílios. Do total da população-residente brasileira, o IBGE estimou em maio/2020 que 24,0 milhões (11,4%) tiveram pelo menos um dos sintomas de síndrome gripal (SG). Desse contingente, 20,2 milhões (84,3% do total dos sintomáticos) não procuraram unidade de saúde. As inovações trazidas para a vigilância em saúde e o pioneirismo do IBGE demonstram ser possível, em um país continental e que vem experimentando diversas epidemias locais em momentos diferentes em seu território, que outros países também desenvolvam inquéritos domiciliares semelhantes, com coleta de dados semanal (referida às semanas epidemiológicas) por telefone de forma inovadora e tempestiva. A PNAD COVID-19 trouxe ainda uma nova tecnologia para o Instituto, resgatando o papel de avaliador externo do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Health in Brazil is the focus of important international literature 1. During the commemorations for the 30th anniversary of the Unified Health System (SUS), Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva produced a special issue that featured the input of many authors from all regions of the country and is an excellent contribution to the literature, bringing us an overview of the advances, limits and challenges faced during this period 2. Inspired by this theme, the idea arose of taking a closer look at a federative unit to understand the local level of health care, surveillance and promotion. Thus, the case study of the 30 years of the Unified Health System in the Federal District of Brasília was created. This special issue was organized into three themes, grouped by thematic areas important for the consolidation of SUS, with authors invited from several Brazilian and foreign institutions, as well as authors of the health services. Topics included were: Theme I-management, regionalization, planning and evaluation; Theme II-health care: implementation, advances and challenges; Theme III-professional qualification for the SUS: training, technical courses, graduation, residencies and post-graduation. To avoid bias, the project was conducted by selecting 100 authors from about 20 institutions of the scientific community, local schools and health services. The debate article, for example, had the rejoinders of Luis Augusto Pisco, the internationally renowned formulator of primary care for the reform of this policy in the Portuguese Health System, and Jairo Bisol, who besides having a master's and a PhD in law, is a Public Prosecutor of the 1st PROSUS of the Public Prosecution Service of the Federal District and Surrounding Territories. on lessons learned and the prospects of the SUS in the Federal District of Brasília are academically and exclusively recorded in the annals of Brazilian Public Health, enabling us to conduct an analys. Following the guidelines of the national thematic issue, the reflections on lessons learned and the prospects of the SUS in the Federal District of Brasília are academically and exclusively recorded in the annals of Brazilian Public Health, enabling us to conduct an analysis of the current situation and future prospects of health in the capital of our country.
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