The approach of energy audits usually disregards the study of water as it considers that the supply does not involve energy consumption within the building. This paper aims to make visible both the energy footprint involved in ensuring safe water for human consumption and the collection and treatment of waste water. Furthermore, a methodology for conducting an energy audit is shown for the study of water consumption and applies it to a school to verify whether the measures proposed to reduce the consumption of water and the energy associated to it are viable. A school is chosen for three reasons. It is medium sized so the results can be extrapolated to other buildings. It presents a relevant water consumption due to the number of users, but without it being as high as a swimming pool might be. Finally it does not have a water heating system (there are no showers in the gym) so it only studies the energy consumption associated with drinking water without incorporating the effects of energy consumption for water heating.Key words: Water, energy audit, energy efficiency, sustainability, school. ResumenEl planteamiento de las auditorías energéticas al uso habitualmente prescinde del estudio del agua al considerar que dicho suministro no conlleva un consumo de energía dentro del edificio. El presente trabajo pretende visibilizar la huella energética que supone disponer de agua apta para el consumo humano así como la recogida y tratamiento de las aguas una vez han sido usadas. Adicionalmente se muestra una metodología para la realización de la auditoría energética en cuanto al estudio del consumo de agua se refiere y se aplica a un centro docente para verificar si las medidas que se proponen para reducir el consumo de agua y de energía asociado al mismo son viables. Se escoge un centro docente para el estudio por tres motivos: tiene un tamaño medio por lo que sus resultados son extrapolables a otros edificios; presenta un consumo de agua significativo debido al número de usuarios, pero sin resultar tan elevado como pudiera ser una piscina; finalmente, no dispone de instalación de calentamiento de agua (no hay duchas en el polideportivo) por lo que se puede estudiar exclusivamente el consumo de energía asociado al consumo de agua sin incorporar los efectos del consumo energético para calentar el agua.

No abstract

El confort térmico y la calidad del aire en los centros docentes son dos parámetros que deben ser estudiados en profundidad. Tienen consecuencias en la salud de las personas cuyo cuerpo está en desarrollo y en los resultados de aprendizaje que se obtienen en los espacios educativos. En este trabajo se toman datos de concentración de CO2 y temperatura en un total de ocho aulas que pertenecen a tres centros docentes públicos durante un año con el objetivo de analizar la situación, determinar las causas que influyen en los aspectos mencionados y ofrecer medidas para corregir las desviaciones registradas y mejorar la calidad del ambiente interior en las aulas. Los datos obtenidos muestran que durante un tercio del tiempo lectivo las concentraciones de CO2 superan los valores límite establecidos y que durante más de dos tercios del tiempo lectivo los valores de temperatura se encuentran fuera de la zona de confort.

An energy audit is a useful tool that sets out possibilities for improvement, optimization and energy saving. For the study of the thermal envelope, it is useful to use energy simulation tools that use suitably validated reference climates and simulation procedures. The results of the Unified Lider Calener Tool (HULC), and its subsequent processing of results, allow intervention priorities to be established aimed at aiding the energy manager of the building when proposing energy reform measures involving a degree of economic savings, so that the proposed investments allow a reasonable payback period. A teaching center has been chosen as a case study because presenting a tool that allows to save on energy consumption and quantify the payback terms of the investments is relevant. This paper quantifies the payback periods of the investments to be made to improve the thermal envelope of the building. To this end, the case study building was modeled and an economic analysis was carried out, which led to the conclusion that the most beneficial action is the replacement of the windows.

The new concept of energy solvency is defined as the ability of a person buying or renting a dwelling to meet the energy costs necessary to keep the dwelling comfortable, without falling into energy poverty. The energy efficiency certificate information is used to calculate the economic expenditure that is theoretically necessary to maintain the property comfortable. This is a more robust value for calculating the energy poverty indicator 2 M than the available data on real expenditure. Dwellings’ maximum surface may be determined in order to guarantee the energy solvency, depending on the climate zone, the energy class, the energy sources used, and the household’s net income. The results indicate that in 15% of situations, it is not possible to have a dwelling that exceeds the minimum surface area stipulated by law without incurring an energy risk situation. It is also observed that in 86% of the cases, energy solvency is achieved for dwellings with energy classes A, B, C, and D, up to 120 m 2 . It is concluded that, by knowing the energy solvency before renting or buying a home, it is possible to prevent energy poverty by avoiding those operations in which it is known that this will happen.