The incidence of hyperamylasemia after anterograde DBE is common and particularly associated with longer procedure time and insertion depth. The cumulative incidence of pancreatitis was 3%. We recommend the avoidance of both unnecessarily lengthy procedures and deep insertion distances in patients who undergo anterograde DBE.

We evaluated the Panbio™ COVID‐19 Ag Rapid Test Device as a point‐of‐care diagnostic tool for COVID‐19 in 357 patients at a pediatric emergency department. Thirty‐four patients tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, of which 24 were positive by the antigen assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 70.5% and 100%, respectively.

Studies investigating the cumulative incidence of and immune status against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection provide valuable information for shaping public health decision‐making. A cross‐sectional study on 935 participants, conducted in the Valencian Community (VC), measuring anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐receptor binding domain‐RBD‐total antibodies and anti‐Nucleocapsid (N)‐IgGs via electrochemiluminescence assays. Quantitation of neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) against ancestral and Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants and enumeration of SARS‐CoV‐2‐S specific‐IFNγ‐producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was performed in 100 and 137 participants, respectively. The weighted cumulative incidence was 51.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.7–55.1) and was inversely related to age. Anti‐RBD total antibodies were detected in 97% of participants; vaccinated and SARS‐CoV‐2‐experienced (VAC‐ex; n = 442) presented higher levels (p < 0.001) than vaccinated/naïve (VAC‐n; n = 472) and nonvaccinated/experienced (UNVAC‐ex; n = 63) subjects. Antibody levels correlated inversely with time elapsed since last vaccine dose in VAC‐n (Rho, −0.52; p < 0.001) but not in VAC‐ex (rho −0.02; p = 0.57). Heterologous booster shots resulted in increased anti‐RBD antibody levels compared with homologous schedules in VAC‐n, but not in VAC‐ex. NtAbs against Omicron BA.1 were detected in 94%, 75%, and 50% of VAC‐ex, VAC‐n and UNVAC‐ex groups, respectively. For Omicron BA.2, the figures were 97%, 84%, and 40%, respectively. SARS‐CoV‐2‐S‐reactive IFN‐γ T cells were detected in 73%, 75%, and 64% of VAC‐ex, VAC‐n and UNVAC‐ex, respectively. Median frequencies for both T‐cell subsets were comparable across groups. In summary, by April 2022, around half of the VC population had been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and, due to extensive vaccination, displayed hybrid immunity.

The information provided by SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S)‐targeting immunoassays can be instrumental in clinical‐decision making. We compared the performance of the Elecsys® Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics) and the LIAISON® SARS‐CoV‐2 TrimericS IgG assay (DiaSorin) using a total of 1176 sera from 797 individuals, of which 286 were from vaccinated‐SARS‐CoV‐2/experienced (Vac‐Ex), 581 from vaccinated/naïve (Vac‐N), 147 from unvaccinated/experienced (Unvac‐Ex), and 162 from unvaccinated/naïve (Unvac‐N) individuals. The Roche assay returned a higher number of positive results (907 vs. 790; p = 0.45; overall sensitivity: 89.3% vs. 77.6%). The concordance between results provided by the two immunoassays was higher for sera from Vac‐N (ϰ: 0.58; interquartile ranges [IQR]: 0.50−0.65) than for sera from Vac‐Ex (ϰ: 0.19; IQR: −0.14 to 0.52) or Unvac‐Ex (ϰ: 0.18; IQR: 0.06−0.30). Discordant results occurred more frequently among sera from Unvac‐Ex (34.7%) followed by Vac‐N (14.6%) and Vac‐Ex (2.7%). Antibody levels quantified by both immunoassays were not significantly different when <250 (p = 0.87) or <1000 BAU/ml (p = 0.13); in contrast, for sera ≥1000 BAU/ml, the Roche assay returned significantly higher values than the DiaSorin assay (p < 0.008). Neutralizing antibody titers (NtAb) were measured in 127 sera from Vac‐Ex or Vac‐N using a S‐pseudotyped virus neutralization assay of Wuhan‐Hu‐1, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2. The correlation between antibody levels and NtAb titers was higher for sera from Vac‐N than those from Vac‐Ex, irrespective of the (sub)variant considered. In conclusion, neither qualitative nor quantitative results returned by both immunoassays are interchangeable. The performance of both assays was found to be greatly influenced by the vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection status of individuals.

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