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This paper investigates the mechanisms causing interannual variability of upper ocean heat content and sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwest Pacific. Using the ECCOv4 ocean reanalysis it is shown that air–sea heat flux and ocean heat transport convergence due to ocean dynamics both contribute to the variability of upper ocean temperatures around New Zealand. The ocean dynamics responsible for the ocean heat transport convergence are investigated. It is shown that SSTs are significantly correlated with the arrival of barotropic Rossby waves estimated from the South Pacific wind stress over the latitudes of New Zealand. Both Argo observations and the ECCOv4 reanalysis show deep isotherms fluctuate coherently around the country. The authors suggest that the depth of the thermocline around New Zealand adjusts to changes in the South Pacific winds, modifies the vertical advection of heat into the upper ocean, and contributes to the interannual variability of SST in the region.

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It is suggested in this paper that x-ray and radium radiation cause three effects on alkali halide crystals, namely, to produce free electrons, free holes, and single-ion vacancies. It is further assumed that the singleion vacancy results from a local distortion of the lattice rather than a diffusion of vacancy pairs from outside the crystal. This postulate explains qualitatively various color center phenomena observed at low temperatures and leads to no obvious contradictions. Some rough calculations on this model have been made. Further experimental verification is required.The production of positive mesons by photons incident on deuterium is calculated in terms of an effective Hamiltonian containing one term which is independent of and another which depends upon the nucleon spin. The meson spectrum at a given angle to the incident photon beam is evaluated at high photon energies by the closure approximation. At low and intermediate energies the closure approximation is not made, but the neutron-neutron force in the final nucleon state is neglected. These spectra have been integrated over a bremsstrahlung spectrum. The total cross section is found at high photon energies and near the threshold for meson production. It is found that the meson spectrum for small angles is sensitive to the relative size of the spin dependent and spin independent terms.