This study aims to determine the content and total levels of secondary metabolites of ethanol extract of moringa seed (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Extraction of moringa seed using the maceration method to obtain a filtrate. The filtrate obtained was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract. The extract was tested qualitatively for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins using a suitable reagent with the test parameters. The quantitative test was using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Alkaloids using test parameters equivalent total alkaloid quinine, flavonoids use parameter test equivalent of the total flavonoids quercetin, saponin using test parameters from Quillaja total saponins and tannins quantitative bark using test parameters total tannin tannic acid equivalent. The result showed that moringa seed positive for alkaloids characterized by orange deposition, flavonoids are characterized by the formation of the yellow color orange, saponin their stable foam, and tannins are marked in black. Quantitative test results alkaloids of 916,87 µg/g, flavonoids of 0.255%, saponin of 6.367%, and tannin of 3,724.5 µg/g.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera Lam., secondary metabolites, spectrophotometry
The objective of this study is to determine the effect and the effective dose of ethanolic extract of Red Gendola (Basella alba L.) leaves on creatinine, urea and description of histological tubular kidney of diabetic male rats induced by streptozotocin. 30 male rats devided into six groups : groups I, II, and III were the control groups and groups IV, V, and VI were the experimental groups. Groups II, III, IV, V, and VI are given induction of STZ 40 mg/kg BW in a single dose i.p on day 0. Normal control group I and negatif control group II were given only Sodium-CMC 0,5%; positive control group III was given glibenclamide 0,45 mg/kg BW; group IV, V, and VI were given each extract at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW in p.o every day. The obtained data were analyzed using one way Anova test at the level of 95 % early followed by LSD Post Hoc Test, and the level of regeneration of histological tubular kidney was observed by HE staining using Olympus BX-51 microscope with a scale of 100 µm and scoring data result of kidney tubular damage levels were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between treatments. The results showed that ethanolic extract of red gendola with dose of 100 mg / kg BW give significant effect to decrease the creatinine content and 200 mg / kg BW give effect of decrease of ureum level of diabetic white male rats. Moreover, red gendola ethanolic extract has also an effect on cell regeneration in renal tubules with an effective dose of 400 mg / kg BW on diabetic male rats.
This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and the levels of total secondary metabolites in ethanol extract of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit extract was prepared by maceration method with 96% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator that followed by a qualitative test for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins using suitable reagents with the test parameters, while for the qualitative assay using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Qualitative analysis of alkaloids using test parameters of total alkaloids equivalent to quinine, flavonoid using parameter of total flavonoids equivalent to quercetin, saponin using parameters of standard saponins total from the Quillaja Bark, and tannin using test parameters of total tannins equivalent to tannic acid. Qualitative test results indicated that the ethanol extract of Okra fruit tested positive for alkaloids content wich characterized by the orange deposition, flavonoids characterized by the formation of an orange-yellow color, a stable foam for saponins and tannins marked in black. The quantitative analysis resulted alkaloids of 2228.06 mg/gram, flavonoids of 2.79 mg/gram, saponins of 10.03 mg/gram, and tannins of 1973.27 mg/gram.
Keywords: Okra fruit, secondary metabolites, UV- Vis spectrophotometry, qualitative, quantitative.
Nephroprotective compound is a compound that has the ability to protect the kidneys from
Keywords: Nefroprotective, ethylene glycol, Abelmoschus manihot, Orthosiphon stamineus
ABSTRAKSenyawa yang bersifat nefroprotektif adalah senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan melindungi ginjal dari gangguan ginjal yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek nefroprotektif kombinasi ekstrak daun gedi merah dan daun kumis kucing serta mengetahui kombinasi dosis ekstrak yang efektif sebagai nefroprotektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok I kontrol normal. Kelompok II kontrol negatif. Semua kelompok ekstrak diberikan etilen glikol 0,75%, amonium klorida 2% & perlakuan ekstrak untuk masing-masing kelompok. Kelompok III (kombinasi 1) diberikan ekstrak daun gedi merah 100 mg/kg BB dan daun kumis kucing 200 mg/kg BB. Kelompok IV (kombinasi 2) diberikan ekstrak daun gedi merah 50 mg/kg BB dan daun kumis kucing 100 mg/kg BB. Kelompok V diberikan ekstrak daun gedi merah 100 mg/kg BB. Kelompok VI ekstrak daun kumis kucing 200 mg/kg BB. Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar kreatinin dan ureum pada
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