We calculate logarithmic negativity, a quantum entanglement measure for mixed quantum states, in quantum error-correcting codes and find it to equal the minimal cross sectional area of the entanglement wedge in holographic codes with a quantum correction term equal to the logarithmic negativity between the bulk degrees of freedom on either side of the entanglement wedge cross section. This leads us to conjecture a holographic dual for logarithmic negativity that is related to the area of a cosmic brane with tension in the entanglement wedge plus a quantum correction term. This is closely related to (though distinct from) the holographic proposal for entanglement of purification. We check this relation for various configurations of subregions in AdS 3/CFT 2. These are disjoint intervals at zero temperature, as well as a single interval and adjacent intervals at finite temperature. We also find this prescription to effectively characterize the thermofield double state. We discuss how a deformation of a spherical entangling region complicates calculations and speculate how to generalize to a covariant description.
We present a derivation of the holographic dual of logarithmic negativity in AdS 3 =CFT 2 that was recently conjectured in Phys. Rev. D 99, 106014 (2019). This is given by the area of an extremal cosmic brane that terminates on the boundary of the entanglement wedge. The derivation consists of relating the recently introduced Rényi reflected entropy to the logarithmic negativity in holographic conformal field theories. Furthermore, we clarify previously mysterious aspects of negativity at a large central charge seen in conformal blocks and comment on generalizations to generic dimensions, dynamical settings, and quantum corrections.
We study the entanglement contour, a quasi-local measure of entanglement, and propose a generic formula for the contour in 1+1d quantum systems. We use this formalism to investigate the real space entanglement structure of various static CFTs as well as local and global quantum quenches. The global quench elucidates the spatial distribution of entanglement entropy in strongly interacting CFTs and clarifies the interpretation of the entanglement tsunami picture. The entanglement tsunami effectively characterizes the non-local growth of entanglement entropy while the contour characterizes the local propagation of entanglement. We generalize the formula for the entanglement contour to arbitrary dimensions and entangling surface geometries using bit threads, and are able to realize a holographic contour for logarithmic negativity and the entanglement of purification by restricting the bulk spacetime to the entanglement wedge. Furthermore, we explore the connections between the entanglement contour, bit threads, and entanglement density in kinematic space.
CONTENTS
We consider the time evolution of mixed state correlation measures in two-dimensional conformal field theories, such as logarithmic negativity, odd entropy, and reflected entropy, after quantum quenches of various kinds. These correlation measures, in the holographic context, are all associated to the entanglement wedge cross section. We contrast various classes of conformal field theories, both rational and irrational (pure) conformal field theories. First, for rational conformal field theories, whose dynamics can be well described by the quasi-particle picture, we find all four quantities for disjoint intervals to be proportional, regardless of the specific quench protocol. Second, using the light cone bootstrap, we generalize our results to irrational conformal field theories where we find sharp distinctions from the quasi-particle results and striking differences between mutual information and the other measures. The large surplus of logarithmic negativity relative to mutual information forces us to reconsider what mutual information and logarithmic negativity really measure. We interpret these results as a signature of information scrambling and chaos in irrational theories. These CFT results perfectly agree with our gravitational (holographic) calculations. Furthermore, using holography, we are able to generalize the results to outside of the light cone limit. Finally, due to the breakdown of the quasi-particle picture for irrational theories, we appeal to the "line-tension picture," motivated by random unitary circuits, as a phenomenological description. We observe that random unitary circuits, with local Hilbert space dimension determined by the Cardy formula, have precisely the same entanglement dynamics as irrational
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