Background. The aim of this study was to develop chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to evaluate the morphological and morphometric characteristics and angiogenic features of it. Methods. Fresh LSCC tissue samples obtained from 6 patients were implanted onto 15 chick embryo CAMs. Morphological, morphometric, and angiogenic changes in the CAM and chorionic epithelium were evaluated up to 4 days after the tumor implantation. Immunohistochemical analysis (34βE12, CD31, and Ki67 staining) was performed to detect cytokeratins and tumor endothelial cells and to evaluate the proliferative capacity of the tumor before and after implantation on the CAM. Results. The implanted LSCC tissue samples survived on the CAM in all the experiments and retained the essential morphologic characteristics and proliferative capacity of the original tumor. Implants induced thickening of both the CAM (103–417%, p = 0.0001) and the chorionic epithelium (70–140%, p = 0.0001) and increase in number of blood vessels (75–148%, p = 0.0001) in the CAM. Conclusions. This study clarifies that chick embryo CAM is a relevant assay for implanting LSCC tissue and provides the first morphological and morphometric characterization of the LSCC CAM model that opens new perspectives to study this disease.
The study objective was to investigate a possible sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) pharmacological mechanism causing an increase in diuresis in rats. The aim was to define characteristics of 24-hour urinary Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ excretion in Wistar male rats and to evaluate effect of a single-dose DCA and repeated DCA dosage on diuresis. Six control and 6 DCA-treated male rats aged 5 to weeks after a single DCA dose and repeated dosage were tested. The single DCA dose treatment caused a significantly higher 24-hour diuresis when compared to control (P < .05), and it was related to increased Cl−, Na+, and K+ urine excretion and a significant increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ excretion (P < .05); after the repeated 4-week DCA dosage, the diuresis was not increased, but the excretion of the Na+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions was significantly higher. Kidney immunohistochemistry has revealed that DCA continuous treatment results in an increase in the size of Henle loop thick ascending limb epithelial cells (P < .001). The study results show a significantly reduced RNA expression of Na-K-2Cl co-transporter (NKCC1) in thymus of 4-week DCA-treated rats (P < .03). The study data have indicated a possible mechanism of such pharmacological effect to be NKCC inhibition.
Objective. The aim of the study was to detect changes in left ventricular cardiomyocyte size and shape in response to chronic ischemia and loss of cardiac tissue (myocardial infarction) during the course of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Material and methods. Left ventricular cardiomyocyte dimensions (diameter and length) were estimated histomorphometrically, and their cross-sectional area and volume were assessed in 85 males who died suddenly out of hospital (within 6 hours of the onset of the terminal event) due to the acute first (preinfarction IHD group, n=53, aged 48.6±2.9 years) or repeated (postinfarction IHD group, n=32, aged 51.7±2.9 years) IHD attack, and had no other causes for the increased heart load. Twenty-nine males of similar age (mean age, 46.0±3.1 years) who succumbed to external causes served as controls. Results. We have found cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the preinfarction IHD group already. The cardiomyocyte volume was increased by 32.0% in comparison with the same index in the control group, and cross-sectional area and length – by 17.2 and 12.5%, respectively. In postinfarction IHD group, all studied cardiomyocyte parameters did not differ significantly from the analogous indices in the preinfarction IHD group (P>0.05). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was related to the increase in left ventricular cardiomyocyte parameters. Conclusions. Left ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy occurs before the first myocardial infarction. In postinfarction myocardium, cardiomyocyte dimensions do not differ significantly at least prior to the appearance of congestive heart failure syndrome.
Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate the growth pattern of recurrent respiratory papilloma (RRP) implants on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) and to evaluate possible associations between the clinical course of the disease and the behavior of experimentally implanted RRP tumors. Study Design Experimental study. Methods Fresh 172 RRP tissue samples from 12 patients were implanted onto chick embryo CAMs. Morphological and morphometric analysis of the experimental CAM and chorionic epithelium was performed. The microvascular network of the CAM with the RRP implant was investigated under the effect of fluoresceinated anionic dextran. The peculiarities of the clinical course of the disease were evaluated. Results The implanted RRP tissue samples survived on CAMs in 86% of cases, retaining their essential morphologic characteristics and proliferative capacity of the original tumor. Implants induced thickening of both the CAM and the chorionic epithelium, but none of the RRP implants crossed the basement membrane of the hosting CAM. A “crawling film” of acellular material with newly formed papilloma sprouts located on the outer chorionic epithelium of the CAM was detected. Direct association between a recurrence rate of RRP and the number of newly formed papilloma sprouts around the implanted tumor on CAMs was revealed. Conclusion The chicken embryo CAM‐based model is appropriate for investigations of RRP and facilitates the understanding of tumor biology and the clinical course of the disease, thus providing the basis for further research and acceleration of the identification and development of new specific therapeutic compounds that limit the spread and recurrence of RRP. Level of Evidence N/A Laryngoscope, 131:E914–E920, 2021
Background and objectives: Endometrial polyps in asymptomatic postmenopausal women are often incidentally found, yet only 1.51% of them are malignant. Their potential for malignant transformation has not been adequately addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation within endometrial polyps as one of the indicators of their malignization potential in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical studies of Ki-67 were performed. Cases included 52 benign postmenopausal polyps, 19 endometrioid carcinoma with coexisting benign polyps, 12 polyps with foci of carcinoma and 4 cases of polyps, which later developed carcinoma. The control group included 31 atrophic endometria and 32 benign premenopausal polyps. Ki-67 was scored in either 10 or 20 “hot spot” fields, as percentage of positively stained cells. Results: The median epithelial Ki-67 score in postmenopausal benign polyps (4.7%) was significantly higher than in atrophic endometria (2.41%, p < 0.0001) and significantly lower than in premenopausal benign polyps (11.4%, p = 0.003) and endometrial cancer (8.3%, p < 0.0001). Where endometrial polyps were found in association with endometrial carcinoma, Ki-67 was significantly higher in cancer (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between Ki-67 scores of cancer focus and of the polyps tissue itself, respectively 2.8% and 4.55%, p = 0.37. Ki-67 expression, where polyps were resected and women later developed cancer, was not significantly different (p = 0.199). Conclusion: Polyps from asymptomatic postmenopausal women showed significantly more proliferation in both epithelial and stromal components than inactive atrophic endometria but less than premenopausal benign polyps and/or endometrial cancer. Benign postmenopausal endometrial polyps exhibit low proliferative activity, suggesting low malignant potential and may not require resection in asymptomatic women.
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