RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de enzimas amilolíticas, celulolíticas e proteolíticas pela linhagem Penicillium spp. LEMI A8221 cultivada em estado sólido em resíduos da colheita de soja, ao longo de quatro dias, em diferentes condições de pH (5,0 e 6,0), temperatura (30 e 35°C) e concentrações de substrato (70 e 90% p/v). As atividades máximas obtidas para α-amilase, β-amilase, CMCase e protease foram de 0,20; 0,13; 0,65 e 147 U.mg-1, respectivamente. As condições de fermentação influenciaram a atividade das enzimas, sendo a concentração de substrato, a variável mais significativa para o processo. O tempo de fermentação exerceu efeito apenas para as atividades de amilase sacarificante e CMCase, sendo registrados os menores valores de atividade para essas enzimas, nas primeiras 24 e 48 horas de fermentação, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o isolado Penicillium spp. LEMI A8221 pode ser considerado promissor agente biológico, com aplicação industrial, e o resíduo de soja apresentou-se como fonte de carbono alternativa, no cultivo em estado sólido, para produção de enzimas por esta linhagem microbiana.
This work focused on obtaining fermented oil cake (cotton or Jatropha) via macrofungi growth with potential characteristics for animal feed formulations, such as the presence of extracellular enzymes, bioactive (ergosterol and antioxidants), and detoxification of antinutritional compounds. The concentration of phorbol esters was reduced by four macrofungi in Jatropha seed cake (JSC) to non-toxic levels. At least two macrofungi efficiently degraded free gossypol in cottonseed cake (CSC). Fermentation with Coriolopsis sp. INPA1646 and Tyromyces sp. INPA1696 resulted in increased ergosterol concentrations, antioxidant activity reduction, and high activity of laccases and proteases. Bromatological analysis indicated high crude protein concentrations, with partial solubilization by fungal proteases. Fermented products from Coriolopsis sp. and Tyromyces sp. in JSC or CSC can be considered important biological inputs for monogastric and polygastric animal feed.
This work aimed to produce enzymatic fungi extracts with hydrolytic and oxidative activities to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomasses efficiently. For this, the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Panus lecomtei were co-cultured using the vegetable biomasses oil palm decanter cake, wheat bran, and cottonseed cake as substrates in submerged fermentation. T. reesei and P. lecomtei showed partially compatible positive interaction on plates. The co-cultures respond positively to variations of temperature and inoculum interval, generating extracts responsible for higher hydrolysis yield when grown at 25 °C, and P. lecomtei is inoculated 24 h after T. reesei. The enzymatic extract production of co-cultures was also improved by modifying the components of the initial media and evaluating enzymatic activities, hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by autohydrolysis and ethanol production as a response. Five culture media were evaluated with variations in the composition of nutritional elements, minerals and substrates. The best extract showed a maximum cellulose hydrolysis efficiency of 68.7% compared with 44.8% of the initial medium. The ethanolic fermentation of hydrolysates obtained by co-culture extracts showed higher ethanol yields than monocultures. This work demonstrates the use of fungi co-cultures to produce enzymatic extracts composed of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and ligninolytic enzymes complexes, which allow hydrolyzing pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with high efficiency, generating hydrolysates that are easier fermented by yeast.
The adequate disposal of agricultural waste is one of the major concerns of public officials and a research challenge to obtain sustainable solutions to the problem. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the banana leaf stalk use as substrate in solid-state fermentation (SSF) for production of amylolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by Penicillium spp. LEMI A11 strain grown under different substrate concentrations, pH and temperature. Effects of different pH conditions (5.0 and 6.0), temperature (30 and 35 °C) and substrate concentration 70 and 90% (in relation to the final volume) of the fermentation were evaluated over 120 hours of fermentation. The results indicated that Penicillium spp. LEMI A11 was able to use the banana stalk as substrate under SSF. The maximum activities for amylase dextraining, amylase saccharifying and CMCase were 0.18; 0.13 and 04 U.g-1, respectively. The effect of environmental factors related to the substrate concentration was significant for saccharifying amylase and CMCase activity only. The interaction between the environmental factors tested was significant for the dextrinizing amylase activity only. It was verified enzyme activity reduction after 96 hours of fermentation for all enzymes. It concluded that banana stalk is an alternative carbon source to be used in SSF for enzyme production by of Penicillium spp. LEMI A11.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de CMCase e pectinase por uma linhagem de Aspergillus spp. (LEMI 15) cultivada sob fermentação estado sólido em casca de café suplementada com manipueira (resíduo proveniente da prensagem da massa de mandioca para produção de farinha), ao longo de 72 horas. O efeito da proporção entre os substratos (70 e 90% casca de café: manipueira; p:v), pH (5 e 6) e temperatura (30 e 35°C) sobre a produção das enzimas também foi avaliado. Os resultados indicaram que o isolado fúngico foi hábil em produzir todas as enzimas avaliadas, independente dos tratamentos. Nenhum efeito significativo das variáveis ambientais foi verificado. Maior atividade enzimática foi registrada nas primeiras 24 horas de fermentação (3,0 e 3,93 U.mL-1 para CMCase e pectinase, respectivamente). O tempo de fermentação influenciou a atividade de todas as enzimas, sendo verificada a redução da atividade enzimática, ao final de 72 horas do processo fermentativo.
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