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NOSIE-30: A treatmentsensitive ward behavior scale. Psychol. Rep., 1966, 19, 180-182. 10. JACKSON J. Toward the comparative study of mental hospitals: Characteristics of the treatment enaronment. In Wssson, A. (Ed.) The Psychiatric Hospital M ) a Soeial System. Springfield: Thomas, 1964. 11. KATZ, M. M. and LYERLY, S. B. Methods for measuring adjustment and social behavior in the community: I. Rationale deacription, discriminative ve1idit.y and scale development. Psychol. study of three mental hospitals. J. ment. Sci., 1961, 107, 8474361. 17. STaNmN A. H. and SCHWARTZ M. s. The Mental Hospital: A Study of Inatitutiolrcrl Participa-18. SULLIVAN, H. S. The modified psychoanalytic treatment of schizophrenia. A m . J. Psychiat., 19. ~I N O ,

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Several different least squares methods appear superficially similar to the conventional analysis of variance and yield identical results when applied to data from balanced experimental designs. When applied to complex problems involving unequal and disproportionate cell frequencies, the several methods yield quite different results. In such cases, the effects tested by the different methods are different; hence, interpretation of results should depend upon the method used. It is not enough merely to state that a general least squares regression method was employed to accomplish the analysis of variance.

SUMMARY To investigate the inter-rater reliability and validity of the Neurobehavioural Rating Scale at various stages of recovery after hospitalisation for closed head injury, we studied 101 head trauma patients who had no antecedent neuropsychiatric disorder. The results demonstrated satisfactory inter-rater reliability and showed that the Neurobehavioural Rating Scale reflects both the severity and chronicity of closed head injury. A principal components analysis revealed four factors which were differentially related to severity of head injury and the presence of a frontal lobe mass lesion. Although our findings provide support for utilising clinical ratings of behaviour to investigate sequelae of head injury, extension of this technique to other settings is necessary to evaluate the distinctiveness of the neurobehavioural profile of closed head injury as compared with other aetiologies of brain damage.