The application of phosphate fertilizer is indispensable for the achievement of sustainable bean production, and P is necessary practically in the entire cycle. Thus, cultural management alternatives have been used in the best use of this nutrient, among them the use of Brachiaria as cover crop. The objective of this research was to evaluate the dynamics of phosphorus in the soil with and without the presence of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú as cover crop, and the bean response to phosphorus fertilization. We used a randomized block design with a split plot arrangement; the plots were composed of P 2 O 5 doses (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha -1 ) via triple superphosphate; and the subplots were composed of the presence and absence of Brachiaria as previous cover crop cultivation of beans. Soil samples were taken at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) bean. In the samples, phosphorus fractionation in soil was carried out by the Hedley technique. Phosphorus content was evaluated in the leaf and grain yield of bean plants. The phosphorus fertilization and cultivation of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú as cover crop provided changes in the levels of labile P of soil at 15 and 30 DAS bean, and labile P of soil only at 15 DAS bean. The presence of B. brizantha cv. Marandú as cover crop increases the P content in the bean leaf with consequent grain yield gain of 18%. A aplicação de fertilizante fosfatado é indispensável para obtenção de produções sustentáveis de feijão, sendo o fósforo (P) necessário praticamente em todo seu ciclo. Por essa razão, alternativas de manejo da cultura estão sendo utilizadas, visando ao melhor aproveitamento desse nutriente, dentre elas, o uso da braquiária como planta de cobertura. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar a dinâmica do fósforo no solo, com e sem a presença de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu como planta de cobertura, bem como avaliar a resposta do feijoeiro à adubação fosfatada. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com arranjo de parcelas subdivididas; as parcelas foram compostas por doses de P 2 O 5 (0; 50; 100; 200 e 400 kg ha -1 ), por via do superfosfato triplo, e as subparcelas foram compostas por presença e ausência de braquiária como planta de cobertura, anteriormente ao cultivo do feijoeiro. Foram obtidas amostras de solo, aos 15 e 30 dias após a semeadura do feijoeiro. Nas amostras coletadas, efetuou-se o fracionamento de fósforo no solo, pela técnica de Hedley. Nas plantas de feijoeiro, avaliaram-se o teor de fósforo na folha e a produtividade de grãos. A adubação fosfatada e o cultivo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu como planta de cobertura proporcionam aumentos dos teores de P-lábil do solo, aos 15 e 30 DAS do feijoeiro, e de P-plábil (P pouco lábil) do solo somente aos 15 DAS do feijoeiro. A presença da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, como planta de cobertura, aumenta os teores de P da folha do feijoeiro, com consequente ganho de 18% na produtividade de grãos.Palavras-chave: cobertura vegetal; Phaseolus vulgaris; reciclagem de fósforo.
Em áreas cultivadas no Sistema Plantio Direto, pode-se elevar a disponibilidade de fósforo por meio da adubação corretiva gradual, aplicando-se, no sulco de semeadura, quantidade de P superior à requerida pela cultura. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se estabelecer a quantidade de P a ser aplicada no cultivo de soja, visando a elevação do teor de P para valores pré-estabelecidos, na camada de 0 a 0,10 m de profundidade. Conduziu-se um experimento em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, textura muito argilosa, com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, distribuído em parcelas sub-subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas duas formas de cultivo de soja (solteiro e consorciado com Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) nas parcelas; quatro doses de P (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 ) aplicadas no primeiro ano, nas subparcelas; e quatro doses de P (0, 30, 60 e 90 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 ) aplicadas em dois cultivos subsequentes, nas sub-subparcelas. Efetuou-se a extração dos teores de P por Mehlich-1 e Resina de Troca Aniônica em amostras de solo coletadas nas sub-subparcelas. Verificou-se que há necessidade da aplicação de 19,4 ou 11,1 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 na semeadura da soja, usando-se superfosfato triplo como fonte, para a elevação de 1 mg dm -3 de P extraído por Mehlich-1 ou Resina, respectivamente, na camada de 0,0 a 0,10 m de profundidade. Há diminuição do caráter dreno de P do solo, a medida em que se aumenta a quantidade do nutriente fornecida no cultivo anterior. Palavras ABSTRACTIn areas cultivated under no-tillage system, the availability of phosphorus (P) can be raised by means of the gradual corrective fertilization, applying phosphorus into sowing furrows at doses higher than those required by the crops. The objective of this work was to establish the amount of P to be applied in soybean crop to increase content of P to preestablished values at the depth of 0.0 to 0.10 m. An experiment was carried out on a clayey Haplorthox soil with a randomized block experimental design distributed in split-split plot, with four replications. Two soybean crop systems (single or intercropped with Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Aruana) were evaluated in the plots. In addition, it was evaluated four P levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 ) applied in the first year in the split plots; and four P levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 ) applied in the two subsequent crops in the split-split plot. Contents of P were extracted by Mehlich-1 and Anion Exchange Resin methods from soil samples collected in the split-split plot. It was found that it is necessary to apply 19.4 or 11.1 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 , via triple superphosphate as source, to increase 1 mg dm -3 of P extracted by Mehlich-1 or Resin, respectively, in the 0.0 to 0.10 m layer of depth. The soil drain P character decreases as the amount of this nutrient supplied in the previous crops is increased.
At level word fungal diseases that affect soybean crop are one of the main causes of low productivity and annual losses may reach 21% of total production. In this context, the objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of copper-based protectors associated with fungicides to control soybean diseases such as: asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), target spot of soybean (Corynespora cassiicola) and cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii) + frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina) + brown spot (Septoria glycines), which together were considered as late-crop cycle diseases, with impact on grain yield, in the region of Aparecida do Rio Negro – TO, Brazil. Treatments were composed of different rates of copper-based pesticides associated with fungicides like Azimut® (first application), Orkestra® (second application), Ativum® (third application) and Horos® (fourth application) in soybean. Diseases were identified and crop damage evaluations on leaves were performed using LI-COR® portable meter 7 days after the fourth application. At physiological maturity, grain yield was evaluated. Combined rates of fungicides + Unizeb Gold® (1.5 kg ha-1), Difere® (0.5 L ha-1), and NHT® Copper Super at a rate higher than 0.109 L ha-1, were effective to control late crop-cycle diseases in soybean. Associated applications of fungicides + 0.219 L/ha of NHT® Copper Super reduced the severity of Asian soybean rust, target spot of soybean and late crop-cycle diseases with a greater increase in grain yield (4.5 Mg ha-1).
Soils with improved fertility indicate opportunities for more rational use of fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of potassium fertilization in the succession of soybean-corn in soil with improved fertility, in the southwestern region of the state, Goiás. The experiment was set in 5×3 factorial scheme, arranged in randomized blocks with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of the combination of potassium doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O) and seasons of application (100% of the dose in pre-planting, 100% of the dose in coverage and in installments with 50% of the dose in pre-planting + 50% in coverage). The best performance of soybean, considering grain yield, was obtained with the parceled application of 80 kg ha-1 of K2O, with production of 3.6 Mg ha-1. The highest corn production was obtained with the anticipated application of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O in soybean. In the management of potassium fertilization in improved fertility soil in the soybean-corn succession, the parceled application of 120 kg ha-1 of K2O kept the available K reserve in the soil constant when compared to its initial content.
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