Resumo - Palavras-chave -Helianthus annus. Déficit hídrico. Características agronômicas. Genótipos.Abstract -With the objective to value the influence of six levels of irrigation in the agricultural performance of two cultivars of sunflower, (Catissol 01 e Embrapa 122 V-2000), was made an experiment at the Experimental Farm, Valley of Curu River,county of Pentecoste, CE. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with divided plots, with four replicates. The effect of six levels of irrigation based on percentage of evaporation of class A pan (ECA) by the factors 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25 and 1.50 , was evaluated for the cultivars. The variables, diameter of head, mass of 1000 achenes, potential of production of achenes, content of oil of the achenes, potential of production of oil,were determined. The greater values were achieved by the cultivar "Catissol 01", except for the content of oil of the achenes,higher for the "Embrapa 122 V-2000". There were significant differences between the cultivars in the variable diameter of head and potential production of achenes. The level of irrigation of 533.70 mm (150% of ECA) proportioned the greater potential production of achenes that was of 4,222.76 and 3,948.02 kg ha -1 , and of oil 1,851.55 and 1,760.63 kg ha -1 to the cultivars Catissol 01 e Embrapa 122 V-2000, respectively.

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RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho das variáveis produtivas de três cultivares de mamoneira, a cinco níveis de irrigação por gotejamento, conduziu-se um experimento a campo, na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste, CE. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 com três repetições, sendo cinco lâminas de irrigação (25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da evaporação do tanque Classe "A") e três cultivares de mamoneira (IAC Guarani, Mirante 10 e BRS Paraguaçu). A cultivar IAC Guarani produziu racemos de maior comprimento e número de frutos enquanto a Mirante 10 obteve maior rendimento de racemos por planta e teor de óleo; já a BRS Paraguaçu superou as demais cultivares quanto à massa de cem sementes e potencial produtivo. O aumento da disponibilidade hídrica proporcionou aumento de todas as variáveis produtivas, nas três cultivares. Obteve-se a melhor eficiência do uso da água com o tratamento T5 (913,4 mm) na cultivar BRS Paraguaçu, que resultou na produtividade de 2.872,42 kg ha -1 . Os racemos secundários foram os que mais contribuíram com a produtividade total da mamoneira. Palavras-chave:Ricinus communis L., semiárido, tanque classe "A"Response of three castor bean cultivars under five levels of irrigation in Pentecoste, CE ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive characteristics of three castor bean cultivars under different levels of drip irrigation. This work was carried out at the Experimental Farm Vale do Curu, Pentecoste (CE). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design in split plots, with factorial scheme consisting of 5 irrigation levels and 3 cultivars. The levels of irrigation were based on evaporation of the Tank Class "A" -ECA (T1 = 0.25 ECA; T2 = 0.50 ECA; T3 = 0.75 ECA; T4 = 1.00 ECA; T5 = 1.25 ECA). The variables length and number of fruits per racemes were higher for the IAC Guarani, while the content of oil and number of racemes per plant were higher for the Mirante 10. However the Paraguaçu BRS stood out in comparison to other cultivars as for the mass of one hundred seeds and productive potential. The irrigation levels influenced in increasing the variables of production. The best water use efficiency was obtained in the treatment T5 (913.4 mm) in the BRS Paraguaçu, resulting in productivity of 2,872.42 kg ha -1 . The secondary racemes were the ones that most contributed to the total productivity.

R E S U M OConsiderando a importância do feijoeiro caupi no Nordeste brasileiro, o presente estudo teve, por objetivo, avaliar o crescimento e os aspectos bioquímicos do cultivar EPACE-10 submetido a estresse hídrico e parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita em condições de casa de vegetação. O delineamento adotado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 (com e sem nematoide) × 2 (com e sem estresse hídrico), com seis repetições. O nível de estresse hídrico aplicado (50% da capacidade do campo) diminuiu a reprodução do nematoide; entretanto, o desenvolvimento das plantas aferido pelas biomassas frescas e secas do caule e folhas, número de folhas, índice de área foliar, altura da planta e pela biomassa fresca da raiz, não foi afetado pelo estresse hídrico aplicado. As respostas das enzimas oxidativas ao estresse hídrico e parasitismo de M. incognita foram variáveis. A peroxidase não foi afetada, a catálase foi diminuída pelo parasitismo do nematoide, a ascorbato peroxidade diminuída pelo estresse hídrico e a polifenoloxidase diminuída pelo estresse hídrico e pelo parasitismo de M. incognita. Growth and enzymatic responses of cowpea under water stress and root-knot nematode A B S T R A C TConsidering the importance of cowpea beans in the Northeast of Brazil, the present study aimed to evaluate growing and biochemical aspects of cultivar EPACE-10 subjected to water stress and parasitism of Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse conditions. The design was a randomized block design in a factorial 2 (with and without nematode) × 2 (with and without water stress), with six replications. The level of applied water stress (50% of the field capacity) reduced the nematode reproduction. However, plant growth measured by fresh and dry biomass of stems and leaves, leaf number, leaf area index, plant height and fresh root biomass was not affected by water stress applied. The responses to water stress and oxidative enzymes and parasitism of M. incognita were variable. Peroxidase was not affected; catalase was decreased by nematode parasitism, ascorbate peroxidase decreased by water stress and polyphenoloxidase decreased by water stress and parasitism of M. incognita. Palavras-chave:Vigna unguiculata Meloidogyne incognita enzimas oxidativas

R ESU M OObjetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a morfologia, a produção e a partição de fitomassa do girassol cv. Multissol quando submetido a déficits de irrigação em Pentecoste, CE. Utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo (8 x 3), com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos definidos em função da época de indução do déficit de irrigação nos estádios vegetativo, floração e formação da produção, correspondendo à ocorrência de déficit hídrico em 1, 2 ou 3 estádios e três épocas de avaliação (aos 52, 68 e 110º dia após a semeadura). A altura da planta, o número de folhas e o diâmetro do caule foram negativamente afetados pelos efeitos isolados dos déficits de irrigação e das épocas de avaliação. Os déficits de irrigação e as épocas de avaliação interagiram e afetaram a área foliar, a massa seca da folha, do pecíolo, do caule, do capítulo e total. A melhor resposta em ganhos de crescimento e de produção de fitomassa deu-se no tratamento sem déficit de irrigação, em todo o ciclo. Os déficits de irrigação não modificaram a partição de fitomassa. O nível de irrigação equivalente a 50% da ETo comprometeu a morfologia e a produção de fitomassa quando aplicado em qualquer estádio de desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave:Helianthus annuus L., estresse hídrico, análise de crescimento Morphology and biomass of sunflower plants grown under water deficits in different development stages A B ST R A C TThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the morphology, biomass production and biomass partition of sunflower (Multissol cultivar) when subjected to water deficit at Pentecoste, CE -Brazil. An experimental design in randomized blocks was used as split plots in time (8 x 3) with four replications, with the treatments defined by the development stage for application of water deficit vegetative, flowering and formation of production stages corresponding to the occurrence of water deficit at stages 1, 2 or 3 and three evaluation periods at 52, 68 and 110 days after sowing. The plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were negatively influenced by the isolated effects of the water deficits and evaluation periods. The water deficits and evaluation periods interacted and affected the leaf area, dry mass of leaves, petiole, stem, head and total. The best response in terms of growth and biomass production occurred in the treatment presenting no water deficit throughout the cycle. The irrigation deficits did not change the biomass partition. The irrigation level equivalent to 50% of the ETo compromised morphology and biomass production, when applied at any development stage.

Under water deficit and/or salt stress conditions, crops suffer from several physiological disturbances, which lead to the reduction in growth and, consequently, decreases in their yields. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of lima bean, cultivar Espírito Santo, under different irrigation water salinity associated to two water regimes. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil, from September to November 2017, and it was carried out in pots in full sun, under a completely randomized design in split plots, where water salinities (1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1 and 5.1 dS m-1) were considered as the plots, and the treatments of water regime (50 and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo) were considered as the subplots. At 45 days after sowing, leaf gas exchanges and relative index of total chlorophyll (SPAD index) were evaluated. In general, the increase of salt concentration in irrigation water causes reductions in the physiological responses of lima beans. Under a water regime of 50% ETo, the instantaneous and intrinsic water use efficiency is higher.

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