-(Atlantic Forest succession over calcareous soil, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira -PETAR, SP). The forest succession after abandonment of slash-and-burn agriculture over calcareous soil in Brazilian Atlantic Forest was assessed. This is one of the world s most threatened Biome, with only 8% remaining. The study area is located over calcareous soil inside the Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park (PETAR), southeast Brazil. The phytossociological survey showed a successional pattern dominated by species of Leguminosae, especially Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr. This species occurs in calcareous soils as a substitute of Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae) that is the most usual dominant tree species in early succession over acidic soil, which is the most common situation in this Biome. These results are important for a better understanding of Neotropical forest biodiversity and characterize a unique genetic bank in this highly endangered Biome. They are also decisive to support actions regarding rehabilitation of degraded lands and a potential tool for Neotropical forest sustainable management, both inside and around the conservation unit.RESUMO -(Sucessão de Mata Atlântica sobre solos calcários, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira -PETAR, SP). Foram levantadas as características da sucessão florestal após abandono de campo cultivado em agricultura de subsistência sobre solos calcários na Mata Atlântica brasileira. Este é um dos biomas mais ameaçados do mundo, que apresenta apenas 8% de remanescentes. A área de estudo está localizada sobre solo calcário no Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), sudeste do Brasil. O levantamento fitossociológico indicou padrão de sucessão dominado por Leguminosae, especialmente Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr. Esta espécie ocorre sobre solo calcário, substituindo a espécie arbórea dominante em início de sucessão sobre solos ácidos, Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae), sendo que esta é a situação mais comum neste Bioma. Estes resultados são importantes para um melhor conhecimento da biodiversidade da floresta neotropical e caracteriza um banco genético único neste bioma altamente ameaçado. São também decisivos no suporte de ações de reabilitação de áreas degradadas e um instrumento potencial para manejo auto-sustentado da floresta neotropical, tanto dentro dos limites da unidade de conservação, quanto em suas áreas de entorno.Key words -Secondary succession, Brazilian Atlantic Forest, tropical calcareous soil, Piptadenia gonoacantha, slash-andburn agriculture 1.Part of the Doctoral Thesis of M.P.M. Aidar. 2.
Abstract:The Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park (PETAR) is part of the ecological continuum of the Paranapiacaba Range, one of the most preserved sites of the Atlantic Forest in São Paulo State. However, studies exploring its floristic structure and compostition are rare. The objective of this study was to map the vegetation and characterize the flora of the different vegetation types of PETAR to contribute to its management plan. Aerial photographs were used to produce a general and a detailed map of the park. Data collected through field surveys were combined with secondary data to characterize PETAR's flora. It was found that the Ombrophilous Dense Forest is the predominant vegetation type in PETAR (65%), which mostly occurs at elevations that correspond to the Montane (78.2%) and Lower Montane (19.4%) types. There are also areas of High Montane (0.1%) and Alluvial vegetation (1.7%). The Ombrophilous Open Forest with bamboos, where large patches of bamboos have replaced the tall closed forest, occurs in approximately 13%. Sites of secondary vegetation, which have been regenerating after past clearcuts comprise about 17%. The detailed map showed 12 different vegetation types, which were characterized according to vegetation height and density of cover. The most perserved sites, characterized by tall trees and a closed canopy structure, comprised about 37% of the park's vegetated area. Primary and secondary data were pooled and resulted in a list of 680 native plant species, with the field surveys adding 162 new records for the park. It was found that 40 species belong to some category of threat according to the official red lists of São Paulo State, Brazil, and of the world. Forty-four exotic species were identified, of which 14 were classified as invasive.
Brazil's electric power utilities have commonly employed native timbers as the main material for manufacturing cross-arms for distribution lines. However, the increasingly high costs of these timbers and Brazil's new environmental laws have contributed to change this situation, spurring research on new materials for application in transmission and distribution systems. This paper discusses two reforested wood species, Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus citriodora, coated with castor oil-based polyurethane resins, as an alternative material for distribution line cross-arms, from the standpoint of their mechanical and electrical properties and their low cost. Numerical simulations and a complete description of the entire coating process are also part of this work
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