Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal connections between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. They are considered direct when there is a direct connection between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. These cases are generally traumatic. Direct CCFs are high-flow lesions, possibly related to intracranial bleeding, visual loss, corneal exposure or even fatal epistaxis. Treatment of such lesions is, thus, always recommended. The ideal treatment for direct CCF is to exclude the fistula from circulation, preserving the carotid flow. This can be attained using diverse endovascular techniques. The objective of the present article is to review the current techniques for treatment of direct CCFs, with special attention to the currently available endovascular treatment options.
Context. Breast cancer (BC) in men is a rare condition, corresponding to 1% of all neoplasms in this gender. Some studies show that up to 93% of BC cases in men are advanced disease. If its occurrence constitutes an uncommon fact, the appearance of a metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare. The objective of the present study is to present the case of a male patient, bearer of HIV infection, who presented with BC and later metastasis to the CNS. We also include a brief review of the literature. Case Report. We describe a case of a male patient, 59 years old, with HIV infection and a history of BC treated 4 years earlier, which progressed into headache and vertigo. Neuroimaging exams showed lesions suggestive of cerebral metastasis and a stereotaxic biopsy confirmed BC metastasis. Conclusion. Breast cancer in men with metastasis to the CNS is a rare condition and similar reports were not found in the available databases. It should be pointed out that even though rare, it should be considered among the differential diagnoses for SNC metastases in men, although HIV infection favors the appearance of some types of cancer.
O conhecimento sobre temas de Genética e Biologia Molecular, nos últimos anos, vem crescendo de maneira exponencial, demandando constante atualização, principalmente se considerarmos que, ao final do período de graduação, muito desse conhecimento está desatualizado. O Quiz de Genética e Biologia Molecular (GBM) foi proposto como nova ferramenta de ensino para complementar a abordagem dessa temática no ensino de ciências da saúde. Elaborado por alunos dos cursos de Medicina e Sistemas de Informação do UniFOA orientados pelos professores, o Quiz foi aplicado e avaliado por 159 alunos do terceiro período de Medicina. Os resultados mostraram excelente aceitação pelos alunos submetidos à ferramenta, apontando principalmente um aumento de interesse nos temas abordados e a possibilidade de reconhecimento das deficiências específicas de subtemas de cada aluno, facilitando correções no processo de aprendizagem. O Quiz surge como um novo instrumento didático que será atualizado e direcionado para as deficiências encontradas pelos alunos e ofertado de maneira presencial ou a distância
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