No abstract

The objectives of the present study were to morphologically characterize the seeds, study post-seminal development, and report the best treatment to overcoming dormancy of colubrina (Colubrina glandulosa Perkins). Eight replicates of 100 seeds were weighed and the length, width, and thickness of each seed were measured for the physical characterization. External and internal aspects were considered for the morphological description of the seeds. Seven pre-germination treatments were used to overcoming dormancy: (T 1) intact seeds; immersion in sulfuric acid for 60 (T 2) and 90 min (T 3); (T 4) manual scarification in the region opposite the hilum; (T 5) immersion in water at 80°C, followed by standing in the same water outside the heat for 24 hours at room temperature; and immersion in distilled water for 24 (T 6) and 48 hours (T 7). The germinative process was recorded for 19 days in the post-seminal study. The variables analyzed were germination, first count, speed, average germination time, germination uncertainty and synchrony, seedling length, and dry mass. This was a completely randomized designed study, with four replicates of 25 seeds in each treatment. The seeds were morphologically highly variable. The testal and the embryo were the invaginated type. Germination was epigeal and the phanerocotyledonal type. Manual scarification induced maximum germinability in the mean time, resulting in a unimodal distribution of the relative frequency and high synchronization of germination, which allowed for the maximum number of highly vigorous seedlings. These results indicate a treatment for overcoming dormancy in C. glandulosa.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes crioulas de feijão comum cultivadas nos municípios de São João-PE, Lajedo-PE, Caetés-PE e União dos Palmares-AL. As sementes foram doadas por agricultores familiares das respectivas cidades. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Propagação de Plantas pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CECA), Campus Delza Gitaí, da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: teor de água (TA), peso de mil sementes (PMS), primeira contagem de emergência (PCE), emergência (EMER) de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), comprimento da parte aérea (PA) e raiz e massa seca de plântulas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. As variedades crioulas de feijão comum apresentam percentual de emergência acima dos padrões mínimos exigidos para comercialização. O lote de sementes proveniente de São João-PE apresentou qualidade fisiológica superior em relação aos demais municípios.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">Palavras-chave: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">Agricultura familiar, <em>Phaseolus vulgaris </em>L., produção, germinação, vigor</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"> </p>

The maricá (Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. Kuntze) is a forest species, belonging to the family Fabaceae, considered endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome. The present work aimed to study the germinative behavior of M. bimucronata seeds under different temperatures and light qualities, as well as to evaluate the effect of the amount of water (humidity) in the substrate and the osmoconditioning during germination. Thus, the experiment was performed using a completely randomized design. The treatments were distributed in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (temperatures and light qualities), with 4 replicates of 25 seeds each. The means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. The volume of water and osmoconditioning of substrate was evaluated and data were subjected to regression analysis. The following variables were analyzed: first count of germinated seeds, germination, germination speed index, and electrical conductivity. The results revealed that seeds are neutral photoblasts, needing a constant temperature of 30 °C along with a white light for appropriate germination and vigor. Seeding on two sheets of paper towel moistened with water volume (mL) from 2.62 to 2.70 times was more suitable for conducting the germination test. The osmotic conditioning was inefficient in maintaining germination of these seeds.

Nowadays, the search for increase in the crop productivity with high organoleptic, physical and physiological quality of seeds remains one of the main objectives. Considering the importance of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Brazilian agriculture and for the production of seeds, it is indispensable to use technological innovations aiming at the advancement of productivity and profitability for the seed producer. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and the components of peanut seed production of cultivar BR1, subjected to the foliar and seed application of Ca + B, Mo + P and Stimulate®. The design was randomized blocks with the use of three products (Ca + B, Mo + P, Stimulate ®), two types of applications (via foliar and seed), the PK culture, and the absolute control, following a factorial scheme of [(3 × 2) + 2]. The doses of 2.0 mL/kg (Ca + B), 1.6 mL/kg (Mo + P), and 15 mL/kg (Stimulate ®) via seeds were indicated the best for the development of the peanut crop due to its profitability and efficiency. The application of Ca + B, Mo + P, and Stimulate ® via seeds is beneficial for the initial counting, emergence, emergence speed index, biological productivity, pod production, seed production and leaf area.

Manilkara zapota L., popularly known as sapoti, has commercial relevance both for fruits, with high prices in the regional markets, and for its wood. Thus, the propagation of this species can be done by seed, however, the germination is slow and uneven. The objective of this work was to study the biometry of the seeds and to evaluate pre-germinative treatments to facilitate the propagation of sapoti. The fruits were from the municipality of Brejão-PE and length, width and thickness were determined in millimeters of each seed and submitted to different pre-germination treatments. The seeds were exposed to the following evaluations: biometry, dormancy overrun, germination tests, germination speed index, root length and aerial part of the seedlings and dry mass of the root and shoot of the seedlings. They have variability regarding their biometry and do not require the adoption of treatments for the breakdown of dormancy, which enables and accelerates the production of seedlings. The treatments aimed at overcoming dormancy of sapoti were not efficient to accelerate the germination of the seeds.

Potencial fisiológico de sementes de milho crioulo submetidas ao estresse hídrico e salinoPhysiological potential of maize seeds under water and salt stress

O mercado do jambo (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Meer. & L.M.Perry) tem crescido nos últimos anos, despertando a atenção de produtores brasileiros, que buscam a diversificação na produção e melhores preços no comércio. Hoje não há registro de nenhuma variedade, sendo a maioria dos pomares formados por mudas produzidas por sementes. Dessa forma, o trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a emergência de plântulas de jambeiro vermelho provenientes de sementes coletados no solo e na copa sob diferentes temperaturas. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo duas formas de coleta (solo e copa do jambeiro) e cinco temperaturas (20, 25, 30, 35, 20-30 ºC). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: teor de água, primeira contagem de emergência, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da raiz e parte aérea e massa seca de plântulas. As sementes de jambo oriundas de frutos coletados no solo exibiram maior potencial fisiológico.