Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...
Objetivo: A literatura demonstra que a imagem corporal é uma dimensão central de auto e heteroavaliação e um foco de preocupação não só para as mulheres, mas também para os homens. Diversos autores têm sublinhado a necessidade de um maior investimento no desenvolvimento e validação de instrumentos de medida para a imagem corporal para o sexo masculino, dado que homens e mulheres se distinguem significativamente em relação às preocupações associadas à aparência física. A Male Body Attitude Scale-Revised(MBAS-R) é a versão revista de um instrumento de medida (MBAS), especificamente desenvolvido para a população masculina, que visa avaliar as atitudes e preocupações em relação à imagem corporal. O presente estudo visa estudar a estrutura fatorial e as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R.Métodos: O estudo foi conduzido numa amostra constituída por 222 homens da população geral portuguesa, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 65 anos.Resultados: Os resultados de uma série de análises fatoriais confirmatórias demonstraram a adequação da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R (12-itens) com uma estrutura de dois fatores (massa muscular e massa gorda). A análise dos itens da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R revelou que todos os itens contribuem consistentemente para a respetiva subescala e para a medida global. Adicionalmente, tanto a escala total como as subescalas da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R revelaram boa consistência interna. Os resultados mostraram ainda que as preocupações e atitudes em relação à imagem corporal, avaliadas pela MBAS-R, se associam positivamente a vergonha externa, vergonha corporal e inflexibilidade alimentar.Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a MBAS-R é uma medida breve e válida para avaliar e caraterizar as preocupações masculinas em relação à imagem corporal de um modo global e, simultaneamente, especificamente em relação a duas dimensões centrais da vivência da imagem corporal (massa muscular e gordura corporal) nesta população.
22Purpose: A healthy diet has been recognized as one of the most important factors associated with the 23 maintenance of human health as well as to help preventing the development of some chronic 24 diseases. Therefore, this work aimed at studying the perceptions of a sample of university people 25 regarding a healthy diet. Author version2 Methodology: It was undertaken a descriptive cross-sectional study on a non-probabilistic sample of 27 382 participants. The data was collected among a sample of Portuguese university people and 28 measured if people´s perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet. 29 Findings:The results revealed that the participants' perceptions were, in general, compliant with a 30 healthy diet (scores between 0.5 and 1.5, on a scale from -2 to +2). However, were found significant 31 differences between age groups (p=0.004), with a higher average score for young adults, and also 32 between groups with different levels of education (p=0.025), with a higher score for university 33 degree. The variable chronic diseases also showed significant differences (p=0.017), so that people 34 who did not have any chronic diseases obtained a higher score. 35Originality/Value: This study is considered important because it provides evidences about the 36 relation between nutrition knowledge and the perceptions towards a healthy diet. The study allowed 37 concluding that the participants were aware about some nutritional aspects of their diets and, 38 therefore, their perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet. This finding is very relevant, because 39 it could be a support for health policy initiatives directed at promoting healthy eating behaviours. 40 41
An intervention with the parents was carried out, which integrates a broader line of research, involving both teachers and students. This consists in the implementation of a programme of promotion of personal and parental skills, during half a year, in which a pre-test is executed followed by the implementation programme and a post-test to compare the results. The instruments used in the two moments of the research included questionnaires to obtain sociodemographic data, the PANAS Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Emotional Intelligence Scale.The preliminary action-research study involved 5 parents of pupils from two classes of a school in the centre of Portugal, who showed disruptive behaviours in the 7th year of schooling. The parents showed a very favourable perception regarding their participation in the programme, considering that it helped them perceive some behaviours and practices less adjusted to their performance, for instance at home (shouting, scolding, etc.). From the pre-test to the post-test, there were statistically significant differences in the evaluation of one's own emotions and their use, as well as evidence of an improvement in positive affects and satisfaction with life. Preliminary data on this parental empowerment programme point to the importance of raising awareness about its action, as well as the need to change traditional educational practices that contribute to the demobilization of children in the face of school tasks. The need to establish a closer and more systematic contact with teachers was also highlighted in order to meet their needs and expectations.
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