The objective of the research presented in the paper was to analyze the ash formed in the process of incineration in the thermal sewage sludge treatment facility being a part of Sitkówka-Nowiny wastewater treatment plant, located in the vicinity of Kielce. The research involved the investigation of heavy metal and total phosphorus content, leachability of certain ions and X-ray phase analysis. The comparison of the obtained results with those available in literature revealed similarities in the crystallographic structure of ashes from different treatment plants. Then, the differences observed in the content of heavy metals in particular ashes are related to the composition of sewage flowing into treatment plants. Attention was also paid to a significant sulphate content revealed in the leachability analysis, found both in the ash from Sitkówka-Nowiny treatment plant and in the ash analyses results available in the literature sources. High sulphate concentration can limit the use of ash for construction purposes.
Background: Maintaining the balance of phosphorus in ecosystems is a priority activity in environmental protection. To achieve this successfully, it is necessary to know the physicochemical properties of phosphorus forms. Objective: Speciation analysis is used for this purpose. This process helps to assess the concentration of various physical and chemical forms of phosphorus. When there are very unstable chemical forms of the analyte hindering the determination in the environmental test, fractionation is performed, i.e., the process of classifying the analyte or a group of analytes from a given sample according to physical properties. Methods and Results: The paper discusses the phosphorus fractionation methods in environmental samples. The authors critically analyzed over a dozen phosphorus fractionation procedures using sequential extraction of this element. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of sequential extraction when determining the phosphorus pool available to plants (bioavailable fraction) and labile phosphorus able to migrate in the environment. The paper discusses examples of phosphorus fractionation in various environmental matrices, such as river and lake sediments, sewage sludge, composts, and soils. The selection of an appropriate method for the studied environment was made. Conclusions: Adapting the proposed methodology to the environmental matrix being tested determines the most accurate results of the experiment. Attention was also paid to the possibilities of practical applications of fractionation results, particularly the possibility of isolating phosphorus available for plants from various environmental matrices.
This article reviews the Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria, discusses the types of organic acids produced by them, as well as the impact on economy with non-renewable sources, such as phosphate rocks. In addition, the phosphorus solubilization mechanism is discussed.
The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of Bacillus megaterium bacteria on the solubilisation of phosphorus in a sewage sludge. The tests were carried out for two different temperature conditions, i.e. 21 and 36ºC. In the experiment, lasting 23 days, the course of phosphorus solubilization under the influence of a changing population of bacteria was determined using Golterman’s speciation analysis. This method allows to estimating the fraction of bioavailable phosphorus in the tested samples. The obtained results allow one to state that the population size of Bacillus megaterium bacteria changes, while the intensity of these changes depends on temperature and organic acids produced in metabolic processes change the pH of the environment, which affects phosphorus solubilisation and its speciation. The increase in the population of bacteria is accompanied by the increase in bioavailable phosphorous forms, and thus the release of phosphorus contained in the form of sparingly soluble forms in soil. The above fact is extremely important when considering the use of sewage sludge for natural purposes.
This paper presents the results of research on the influence of temperature on the course of phosphorus solubilization from sewage sludge using Bacillus megaterium bacteria. The research was performed on a sanitized sewage sludge from a biological-mechanical treatment plant, to which phosphorus bacteria were applied. The experiment was conducted in two different temperature conditions, i.e. 21 and 36°C throughout the period of 23 days. During this time, parameters such as pH value and the total count of mesophilic bacteria were measured. The performed analyzes revealed that phosphorus solubilization occurs in both cases, however, at 36°C the process occurs much faster.
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