Nursing education in Ghana must place emphasis on basic relational practices. Structural changes to health clinics and routine nursing practices are necessary to create conditions for privacy to address women's health concerns. Women's perspectives must be considered for service improvement. Further research is needed to examine nurses' perspectives on relational care.

The primary prevention of disease, including cancer, has been a major part of health promotion and health education for decades. However, the long-term results of these strategies have been mixed, and primary prevention as an instrument of cancer control continues to fail to live up to either public or professional expectations. The authors identify and critique two possible factors contributing to this failure and then offer a model for the development and implementation of primary prevention strategies that addresses these factors. The model used is based on Habermas's theory of communicative action and recognizes the importance of a critical dialogue in health education and health promotion. The primary prevention programs currently being conducted by the Cancer Centre for the Southern Interior are presented as an example of the model in action.

The college years occur during the stage of life when many people develop permanent smoking habits, and approximately one-third go on to become addicted smokers. The 18-24 year demographic that makes up the majority of undergraduate attendees represents the earliest years that the tobacco industry now can legally attempt to lure new customers into smoking. This research investigated the ways in which university tobacco control policies are developed, introduced to students, faculty and staff and how they are implemented and enforced. Findings show that tobacco control initiatives at Canadian undergraduate universities face a wide range of challenges including a lack of dedicated and consistent tobacco control personnel, ownership issues, funding, enforcement and monitoring dilemmas. Participants also reported that the layout and geographic location of the campus can result in difficulties in implementation. Consequently, it appears that there may be a growing, although inadvertent, tolerance for smoking on Canadian campuses.