The development of WS2 as an anode for potassium-ion
batteries (PIBs) is severely confined by the low K+ storage
capacity and poor intrinsic electrical conductivity. Our previous
study demonstrated that the creation of sulfur vacancies (VS) in WS2 can enhance its K+ storage capability.
However, it is a big challenge to keep the stability of VS while reserving the excellent activity. Herein, we design Se-filled
WS2 nanosheets with VS (VS-WS2-Se NS) for PIBs. The Se heteroatom filling into the VS can not only stabilize and activate them, rendering more
active sites to adsorb K+, but also further enhance the
electrical conductivity. Consequently, the VS-WS2-Se NS anode presents significantly promoted storage capacity and
reaction kinetics, superior to the pristine WS2 and WS2 with only VS. Remarkably, the VS-WS2-Se NS anode exhibits the highest specific capacity of 363.9
mA h g–1 at 0.05 A g–1. Simultaneously,
a high reversible capacity of 144.2 mA h g–1 after
100 cycles at 2.0 A g–1 is shown. Ex situ analyses demonstrated that the potassium storage mechanism involves
the intercalation and conversion reaction between WS2 and
K+. Moreover, DFT calculations revealed that the Se filling
into VS can further enhance the electrical conductivity
and reduce the K-insertion energy barriers of WS2 and thus
account for the outstanding electrochemical performance. This study
demonstrates that engineering the vacancies by the heteroatom filling
strategy offers a novel and feasible route for designing high-performance
electrode materials in various energy-storage systems.
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