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Catalytic pyrolysis is a promising technology for the production of light olefins. In this article, current advances in catalytic pyrolysis with respect to pyrolysis catalysts, technologies and reaction mechanisms are summarized. An experimental laboratory method, based on a confined fluidized bed reactor, has been used to study catalytic pyrolysis of Chinese Daqing atmospheric residue over three different catalysts: LCM-5, CEP-1, and RSCC-29. Analysis of pyrolyzed gases shows that product yields are strongly dependent on catalyst type. The optimal operating conditions vary with catalyst type, but in each case, the yields of total light olefins show maxima with increasing temperature. Pyrolyzed liquids are primarily aromatic components, indicating that the degree of catalytic pyrolysis is very deep. Hydrogen balance analysis shows that the catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil is capable of producing light olefins with high hydrogen contents.

This paper introduces two laboratory evaluation methods for catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil, using a fixed bed microreactor unit and a confined fluidized bed reactor unit as experimental equipment, respectively. Cracked gas was measured by HP6890 gas chromatograph, cracked liquid was analyzed by simulated distillation gas chromatograph and chromatograph-mass spectrograph, and coke on catalysts was determined by a coke analyzer. The results show that a fixed bed microreactor unit and a confined fluidized bed reactor unit have good repeatability and good relativity for catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil. A fixed bed microreactor unit is relatively easy to operate and can be used to select catalysts and operation conditions primarily, while a confined fluidized bed reactor unit is in favor of the production of objective products and can be utilized to study operating conditions in detail.

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