The distribution of residential buildings is closely related to local climate conditions. This paper takes Xi’an region as its representative city to study the thermal conditions of various shapes of cluster distribution by utilizing energy consumption simulation. By sequentially changing the dimensions of each unit building in the cluster, it sets up models of mathematical examples which meet the requirements of different seasons. Based on the annual minimal energy consumption of buildings, the paper quantitatively expounds the influence of cluster distribution on buildings’ energy consumption. This study finally works out a recommendation for the cluster distribution in Xi’an region, i.e. the annual comprehensive energy consumption of buildings is at its minimum when buildings facing both south and north are “L”-shaped enclosures and when they have no westward extension and their length ratio between eastward extended exterior walls and southward level exterior walls is 0.5:1.
This paper introduces niche concept and niche overlap theory into the field of urban planning, and believe that urban niche is the extension of species niche concept. Urban provides certain resource for human beings to live and take actives, which makes different dimensions of resource, time and space in different urban's development. Regional characteristics of citiy as the manifestation of a city, which reflect different "space" position of a city in urban niche, the spatial position is multidimensional and with multiple subsystems. Regional characteristics of city mainly come from non-overlapped area of multiple subsystems in urban complex niche, the higher the proportion of non-overlapping, the more obvious features of urban regional characteristics. Therefore, this paper established a regional characteristic model of niche in city streets which based on complex ecosystem, and proposed planning principles under it, in order to emphasize regionality and create a positive ecological street.
In the study of cluster thermal environment, the projecting angle of wind against buildings exercises vital influence on the environment. This thesis, taking Xi’an region as a representative city, conducts a study of how different wind projecting angles influence the thermal environment by means of the simulator program of energy consumption. By sequentially alternating the included angle between the orientation of building cluster and wind direction, it sets up different arithmetic example models which can meet the requirements of various seasons. It also quantitatively expounds the impact of wind projecting angle on energy consumption of buildings with the annual minimal energy consumption of buildings as its basis. The research has worked out the following recommended plans about the orientation of cluster distribution in Xi’an region. The building is at its lowest level of energy consumption when its wind projecting angle is 30 degrees. Its energy consumption is relatively stable when its wind projecting angle is 45 degrees or when it rotates anti-clockwise within 15 degrees.
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