A diverse sample of 295 employees drawn from a variety of organizations was surveyed to investigate (a) whether the relationship between the favorableness of job conditions and perceived organizational support (POS) depends on employee perceptions concerning the organization's freedom of action and (b) whether POS and overall job satisfaction are distinct constructs. The favorableness of high-discretion job conditions was found to be much more closely associated with POS than was the favorableness of low-discretion job conditions. No such relationship was found between job conditions and satisfaction. To decide how much the organization values their contributions and well-being, employees distinguish job conditions whose favorableness the organization readily controls versus job conditions whose favorableness is constrained by limits on the organization's discretion.

Ocean data assimilation is increasingly recognized as crucial for the accuracy of realtime ocean prediction systems and historical re-analyses. The current status of ocean data assimilation in support of the operational demands of analysis, forecasting and reanalysis is reviewed, focusing on methods currently adopted in operational and realtime prediction systems. Significant challenges associated with the most commonly employed approaches are identified and discussed. Overarching issues faced by ocean data assimilation are also addressed, and important future directions in response to scientific advances, evolving and forthcoming ocean observing systems and the needs of stakeholders and downstream applications are discussed.

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The vocal characteristics of six amateur singers were recorded longitudinally as the performers prepared for a Carnegie debut. The demands of rehearsals increased as the singers neared the performance date. Recordings were taken before and after rehearsal for a 3-month time period. Voice samples derived from reading material and sustained phonation wcrc analyzed for frequency and amplitude perturbation; noise components associated with vocal use wcrc also estimated. Results arc discussed with reference to vocal fold overuse in this subject group and in previously reported literature [N. Punt, J. Laryngol. 97, 13-17 ( 1983); P. Ward and G. Berci, Laryngoscope 92, 13-77-1382 (1982) ]. BB9. Physiologic factors in vocal vibrato. Thomas Shipp, E.Vocal vibrato when produced on a sustained vowel with constant subglottal air pressure is made up principally of fundamental frequency oscillations about the target pitch. This type of phonation was studied in two professional and one amateur singer, while EMG activity was sampled from their cricothyroid muscle (CT) unilaterally. Singers initiated phonation at a designated frequency without vibrato and then changed to their customary vibrato production. Coincident with the onset of vibrato, the EMG activity from the CT changed from a relatively stable interference pattern to one ofquasiperiodic bursts and attenuation. Bursts immediately preceded initiation of upward F0 for the vibrato wave while attenuation preceded downward F0 movement. Further, the average integrated EMG value over one vibrato cycle equaled the EMG level for straight tone production at the same frequency. These data provide evidence for a metering system of neuromuscular discharges that equate CT activity and F0 mean whether during production of straight tone or vibrato oscillations. BB10. A model for neurologic sources of vocal instability. Ingo R. Titze